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Another Leader, James Birney, Was A Powerful Abolitionists

Another leader, James Birney, was a powerful abolitionists leader and â€Å"he believed that political action and the power of religion were the keys to ending slavery,† and his proposal, â€Å"proposed measures that would allow the legislature to emancipate slaves and prohibit selling slaves brought into the state,† allowed for him to be known as, â€Å"one of the nation’s most prominent abolitionists† (American Experience†). James Birney was also the Liberty Party’s presidential candidate during the 1840 to 1844 presidential campaign (Abolitionists). According to historical evidence, Birney and Garrison did not get along on the issue of how to best emancipate slavery, â€Å"Birney’s ideas about achieving abolition using political means and moral†¦show more content†¦Without these white and black abolitionist leaders, the fight to emancipate the slaves and the Civil War might not have happened; therefore, each leader influe nced the nation. Religion was another factor in creating and solidifying the abolitionist movement. The first religious group to reject slavery was the Quakers, â€Å"standing almost alone in professing that slaveholding was incompatible with Christian piety† (McKivigan). Not long after the Quakers stand against slavery, did the northern states and the federal government take a stand, â€Å"federal government prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory and banned the trans-Atlantic slave trade.† (McKivigan). Out of all the states, â€Å"Virginia was the first territory to ban slavery within their borders,† and not long after that, â€Å"Pennsylvania followed suit† (American Experience†). As the churches from the North and the South began to preach differently upon slavery, the churches started to reject and despise each other, â€Å"abolitionist ideas became increasingly prominent in Northern churches, which contributed to the regional animosity between the North and South† (Abolitionist Movement). Therefore, religion was an integral component to instigating the start of the Civil War. When the churches started believing that slavery was inhumane and that emancipation was greatly needed, the abolitionist cause becameShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Road to Freedom—the Underground Railroad2714 Words   |  11 Pages where the bloody lash was not buried in the quivering flesh of a slave.... (7,p.i). Such were the conditions of the Underground Railroad. It was a fictitous railroad but served the same purpose: to transport people from one place to another. This railroad, however, was not sanctioned by any government, in fact if it had been discovered many would have died. The Underground Railroad was a huge risk. If you used it, and were caught, you could die. For some that was better than being treated

Effective Study Habits free essay sample

Describe your ideal study environment. I will start by choosing an appropriate location to work. Some locations that I might find beneficial include my room, the public library, private studies/lounges, or even Starbuck’s. Once I have decided on a location, pick a spot that seems comfortable to me. Keep in mind that comfy places like beds and sofas might be more conducive to sleeping than studying, so I don’t get too comfortable! Another factor to consider is â€Å"closed† or â€Å"open† structure. Which is more appealing to me, a table in a large, open room or a closed cubicle that isolates me from distractions? After I have chosen a location, decide what type of atmosphere works best for me Factors to consider are noises, lighting, and temperature. Eliminate distractions such as cell phones, Facebook, Myspace, Skype, and instant messaging that may tempt me to procrastinate. I will be consistent! Once I have founded a study environment that works well for me, use it regularly to ensure my academic academic success. I really haven’t been getting enough sleep and be able to keep up with my daily choirs. I need to work on a better schedule where I can get everything done that needs to be done this way I am not tired and can focus on studying. I Will work on my exercise routine so this way my body isn’t drained. â€Å"I practice Yoga 4 times a week and lug fire wood daily†. I have learned that if you are lazy and don’t exercise regularly your brain will not function to its maximum potential and to learn it needs to function at peak performance. I will make studying for class a daily choir if I get in to the routine of logging in to class and reading some of the texts everyday it will improve my study habits and wont feel like work as much as it would if I let days pass and had to catch up. . Identify one change you can make immediately to increase the effectiveness of your study habits. Explain how this will help you become more effective. One change I need to make immediately is to schedule the time I spend working on school work to a time where I have no distractions. I need to ether do it early in the morning before my kids wake up or late at night after they go to bed. The only problem is, is that by the time they are in bed my body and brain are drained because of all the choirs I have throughout the day. I am thinking that if I discipline myself to waking up an hour or two early each day this will give me enough time to keep up with my schooling. I think best in the morning so I am hoping this will work best for me. 7. How does your personal learning style relate to your ideal workplace and your personal work competencies? My personal learning style relates to my ideal workplace and my personal competencies by giving me a better understanding of how I work and learn best. If I can study my best and work to my full potential I will be successful in my career choice. . How is understanding your ideal learning environment applicable to selecting your ideal workplace? Understanding my ideal learning environment teaches me how and when I work and learn best. When I understand how I learn best I can use the things I’ve learned to their full potential and use them in my ideal work environment. In my field of work I am constantly learning. Technology changes and advances everyday. I a m always learning new things and if I find the way I learn best using my learning strategies it will help my workplace. Philip E. Nickerson

The Role of Social Networking Websites

Question: What is the Role of Social Networking Websites on Finding a Suitable Job and Employment Interviews. Answer: Executive summary: Social media is one of the major platforms for identifying the appropriate job in an effective manner. In the modern age, social media networking facilitates the job seekers for finding a job easily. A huge number of social networking sites including Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Google+ allow adequate opportunity to the employees for learning about the new and existing originations. Through the engagement of employing online portals, job seekers easily enhance the opportunity of obtaining a proper job in the society. On the other hand, social networking sites allow the new graduates for analyzing appropriate job sector. By analyzing the article by Sara et al. (1990), it can be assessed that job selection is an important step for securing the future in an effective manner. As per the article, it can be identified that interview transcript facilitates to reveal the recruitment practices that plays an important role in job seekers decisions. On the other hand, Nikolaou (2014) has discussed in his article that social networking websites (SNWs) have been contributing most job seekers and human resource professionals to identify the proper jobs or candidates respectively. On the contrary, the prime reason for increasing the popularity of social networking sites is the recent unemployment in the society. However, job seekers often fail to identify the appropriate job due to fake information available on the job portals. Hence, the security issue is an important aspect of evaluating the right profession. Chi and Gursoy (2009) have argued that in the modern age, acquiring a good academic degree is hardly enough for finding a job in a good company after graduation. The enhancement of educational business has created difficulties for the freshers to acquire a good job in the society. Hence, the researcher has highlighted the importance of social media platform for acquiring a right profession in the society. Introduction: The particular research paper allows the researcher to identify the benefits of the social networking sites in job searching. With the involvement of detailed analysis, the researcher has evaluated the key development areas in an effective manner. As argued by Chi and Gursoy (2009), social media platform facilitates new graduates to find appropriate professions without any difficulties. Moreover, it is a supportive platform to students and existing employees for career research. By investigating the current market, it can be assessed that less than 40% of graduates consider marketing themselves to recruits online (Barnichon 2010). It identifies the fact that online job portal increasing its popularity in recent years. The beneficial aspect of this particular research is that it will facilitate the fresher and exist employees to understand the importance of social media network for analyzing the current job market in an effective manner. Moreover, the researcher has selected the parti cular topic in order to highlight the strengths and weakness of social media network to identify different professions (Kuhn and Mansour 2014). By analyzing the article by Sara et al. (1990), it can be assessed that the job choice is an important aspect for the students and employees as it facilitates them to build futures in an appropriate manner. Hence, another beneficial aspect of the particular research topic is that it highlights the importance of job selection for new graduates. Macan (2009) has discussed that social networking media and other online job search engine have provided enough support to the human resources management in orders identify true talent. The particular research facilitates both job seekers and the job recruitment organisations to identify clients in an appropriate manner. Body: Sara et al. (1990) have discussed that job choices play an important role for the job applicants. It facilitates to enhance the performance of the employees in the organization. With the engagement of job identification, the employees easily choose the appropriate profession. On the contrary, research findings say that recruiters have little effects on job choices after investigating the job characteristics in an effective manner (Lin 2010). Moreover, the recruiters obtain adequate opportunities for enhancing the interview methodology by investigating different online platforms. By analyzing the article by Sara et al. (1990), it can be assessed that role of social networking sites facilities the human resource management for enhancing the recruitment practice in an effective manner. However, it contradicts with the research question as the research question indicates the role of social networking websites for finding a suitable job or employment interviews (Mang 2012). This particula r article focuses on the importance of job choices for job seekers. Sara et al. (1990) have discussed the structures and the open-ended interview conducted at two points in the job search process. Authors have focused on evaluating the interview process for the employees. Hence, the particular research article does not ensure the investigation on the importance of social networking sites for evaluating jobs and employment interviews. Chi and Gursoy (2009) have discussed the development of the hospitality programs including job assistances to the graduate students. The particular article has investigated the process of securing jobs in an effective manner. As per the article, it can be identified that hospitality management programs, faculty, and students always seek opportunity for improving the job placement rate for their graduate students. The recruitment industry has been facing difficulties in arranging adequate jobs opportunities for the graduate students and existing employees due to the enhancement of education business in the society (Hargittai and Litt 2013). The particular article has identified the biggest challenges in the hospitality programs including the determination of clear objectives, which meets the changing needs of the global industry. Chi and Gursoy (2009) has discussed that the analysis of hospitality and tourism programs has been a significant area for conducting research in recent years . Previously, many studies have been executed on the hospitality curriculum and the requirement to integrate operational and managerial skills for career success (Krueger and Mueller 2010). The particular article has suggested that operational issues are majorly discussed area for investigating the hospitality curriculum. The author has identified the importance of interpersonal relations and managerial skills for obtaining the success in the industry (Bren i  and Norris 2010). Therefore, the particular research article indicates the details analysis on the process of securing jobs for the graduates. Moreover, the author has provided a brief literature review on the career development programme in the hospitality industry. Chi and Gursoy (2009) have discussed two factors for obtaining the career and placement services. These factors include the reputation of the program, and the equality of students educational prospectus taught in the tourism and hospitality management (Beard et al. 2012). Hence, the particular research topic identifies the job opportunities in both hospitality and tourism industry. This article is related to the research questions as it focuses on the job securing process for graduates. However, it does not focus on the role of social networking websites for providing better job opportunities to the job seekers in the society. On the other hand, the social networking websites also suggest the platforms for facilitating graduate students to find jobs as per their career objectives (McKeown and Lindorff 2011). Hence, it contributes in securing their jobs in an effective manner. Macan (2009) has provided a brief review of the human resource management and its impact on the job industry. By analysing this particular article, it can be assessed that employment interviews indicate popular technique for recruiting an appropriate candidate in the business. Through the engagement of employing proper recruitment method, the human resource management facilitates the organisation to enhance its productivity in an effective manner (Sullivan 2010). Moreover, the author has identified the fair recruiting method employed in the organisation in order to enhance the talent crisis in the business. Macan (2009) have argued that employment interview has been a popular topic among investigators for almost 100 years. By analysing the article, the researcher has evaluated several meta-analyses that facilitate to reveal the structured interview for enhancing the level of validity. In this particular interview process, the author has evaluated the factors moderating the reliabilit y and validity of interviewer judgement (Baker and Fradkin 2011). The article says that structured interviews are responsible for providing error-free outcomes. Moreover, the structured interview facilitates the human resource management to enhance the reliability and validity of the interview evaluations (Gautier, Teulings and Van Vuuren 2010). The author has explained the differentiations between structured and unstructured interview. Structured interview rating is more reliable than the unstructured interview process, as it often fails to show the higher validity of interview evaluations. Macan (2009) have investigated the structured interviews including the definition of a structured interview, components of the interview, and the barriers of a structured interview. In summary, the particular article by Macan (2009) has provided information regarding the function of potential moderators and the impact of greater interview structure on improving the validity and reliability of in terviewer judgement. Moreover, the particular article identifies the factors and characteristics of the applicant. Through engagement of investigating several factors of applicants, Macan (2009) has identified the applicants characteristics in an effective manner. Moreover, Macan (2009) has investigated the demographic characteristics of applicants including genders and race, age, physical disabilities, overweight applicants, and pregnant applicants. In this context, the author has identified the role of management behaviour. Several training modules have been suggested by the author in order to improve the interview performance in an effective manner. It can be assessed that the particular article contradicts with the main research question of the topic as the research question focuses on the role of social networking websites in evaluating jobs and employment interviews. On the other hand, the entire article has described the process of structured interview, whereas the current re search question indicates the impact of social networking websites on the job industry. However, the particular article is correlated with the research question, as the interview process is a post process of job evaluation. Both the employment interviews and job evaluation through online job portal indicate the social interaction (Caliendo, Schmidl and Uhlendorff 2011). Hence, it can be assessed that the article by Macan (2009) is related to the research question. Nikolaou (2014) has discussed the importance of social networking websites in job search and employee recruitment. As per the article, social networking websites are considered as an important platform for students and other job seekers for identifying appropriate career opportunity. Nowadays, most organisations utilize social networking websites for diminishing the talent crisis (Garg and Telang 2011). Job seekers and human resource professionals use social networking websites in order to evaluate the clients as their requirements. Nikolaou (2014) has discussed the effectiveness of social networking sites as it facilitates providing the updated information to the students and job-recruiting consultants. However, in the recent times, job industry has been facing huge challenges to arrange adequate places for students and job seekers as the continuous growth of the educational industry do not allow maintaining the job equality in the society (Hall and Krueger 2012). The particular art icle describes the employees screening and recruitment process for engaging the enhanced talent in the business. Through engagement of employing the social networking websites, job seekers obtain the opportunity for investigating the current market statistics in an effective manner. However, the particular process has some drawbacks including the risk of data reliability. Sometimes, the graduates and other jobseekers unable to evaluate the proper job, as the websites may contain invalid information. By analysing the article by Nikolaou (2014), it can be assessed that the drawbacks of online job portals create difficulties for job seekers and human resource management for identifying the proper participants. Another issue of online recruitment is that the online job portal often avoids updating their database on the regular basis (Swider, Boswell and Zimmerman 2011). Consequently, the job seekers could not obtain the interview information timely. Hence, it is a risk factor for the so cial networking sites. Hence, it can be identified that the particular article by Nikolaou (2014) is related to the research question about the role of social networking websites for evaluating jobs in an effective manner. On the other hand, the article provides the brief discussion on the positive and the negative impact of the social networking websites for finding jobs related information. Nikolaou (2014) has investigated the research topic through employing several tools and techniques. In the methodology section, the author has provided enough discussion on the process of analysing the research topic in an effective manner. Hence, it can be assessed that the article by Nikolaou (2014) is the most relevant article with the research question. The particular article provides relevant discussion on the role of social networking websites in facilitating job seekers to identify the proper professions that can indeed contribute to secure their future. However, the article by Sara et al (1990) has provided brief discussion on the importance of recruitment in job choice, which is correlated with the research question. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the social media is one of the major platform for enhancing the job search in an effective manner. In this context, the researcher has provided brief discussion on the impact of the social media platform on searching jobs. The researcher has investigated the four articles and discussed them in a detailed approach. The first article by Chi and Gursoy (2009) suggested the discussion on the social media platform and its impact on the graduate student. On the other hand, the article by Sara et al. (1990) highlights the job choice for students. Macan (2009) has discussed the role of human resource management and its impact on the job industry. The article by Nikolaou (2014) has indicated the impact of the social networking websites on the job search. There are some gaps in each article. For example, the first article by Chi and Gursoy (2009) indicates the impact of social media on the graduate students only. Hence, it is unable to discuss the overall perspectives. On the other hand, the article by Sara et al. (1990) does not focus on the social media platform and its impact, as it indicates the job choice process for the students. Moreover, the article by Macan (2009) indicates the work execution for the human resource management and not on the students and the job seekers. Consequently, it does not meet the criteria. Finally, the article by Nikolaou (2014) is relevant to the research question, as the research question indicates the topic about social networking platform and its impacts on the students and the job seekers in the society. Qualitative research process may be the best-fit solution for the particular research topic. Through the engagement of employing the qualitative research process, the researcher could fill the research gap in an effective manner. In this context, the main research gap is that the data reliability. Hence, the qualitative research process facilitates the researcher to investigate the topic in detailed manner for filling up that gap. Qualitative research method indicates the detailed discussion on the research topic. The qualitative analysis includes the document analysis, interviews, and observations and exist interviews. With the involvement of qualitative research methods, the researcher can easily achieve the aims and objective of the research topic. It is based on the perception, words and feelings of the participants. Qualitative method is often considered as the process of providing reliable data about the real situations. Hence, the qualitative process contributes the researcher to evaluate the major issues of the research questions. It can diminish the gap of the research in an effective manner. Secondary research questions allow the researcher to identify the issues of the research topic based on the current market analysis. There are some beneficial aspects of the secondary questions including the ease of access, low cost to obtain, better clarification of the research question. Moreover, it allows the participants to investigate the research questions in an effective manner. Hence, it clearly indicates that the secondary research questions would be the best possible solution for analyzing the research question in a detailed approach. On the other hand, the secondary research questions provide the in-depth analysis on the research topic. These in-depth analyses contribute the researcher to fill the research gap in an appropriate manner. In this context, the semi-structured questions facilitate the researcher to obtain positive outcome of the research. Hence, the semi-structured interview contributes in accumulating the detailed information about the research questions. The following semi-structured questions could be employed to obtain resolution of that secondary research questions. What are the impacts of social networking websites on finding a suitable job and employment interviews? What are the challenges in evaluating a suitable job on the social networking websites? How can the online job portal be improved for providing updated information to the students and other job seekers? References: Baker, S.R. and Fradkin, A., 2011. What drives job search? Evidence from Google search data.Evidence from Google Search Data (April 15, 2011). Barnichon, R., 2010. Building a composite help-wanted index.Economics Letters,109(3), pp.175-178. Beard, T.R., Ford, G.S., Saba, R.P. and Seals, R.A., 2012. Internet use and job search.Telecommunications Policy,36(4), pp.260-273. Bren i , V. and Norris, J.B., 2010. Do employers change job offers in their online job ads to facilitate search?.Economics Letters,108(1), pp.46-48. Caliendo, M., Schmidl, R. and Uhlendorff, A., 2011. Social networks, job search methods and reservation wages: Evidence for Germany.International Journal of Manpower,32(7), pp.796-824. Chi, C. G., and Gursoy, D. 2009. How to help your graduates secure better jobs? An industry perspective.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,21(3), 308-322. Garg, R. and Telang, R., 2011. To Be or Not To Be Linked on LinkedIn: Job Search Using Online Social Networks.Available at SSRN 1813532. Gautier, P.A., Teulings, C.N. and Van Vuuren, A., 2010. On-the-job search, mismatch and efficiency.The Review of Economic Studies,77(1), pp.245-272. Hall, R.E. and Krueger, A.B., 2012. Evidence on the incidence of wage posting, wage bargaining, and on-the-job search.American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, pp.56-67. Hargittai, E. and Litt, E., 2013. New strategies for employment? internet skills and online privacy practices during people's job search.IEEE security privacy, (3), pp.38-45. Krueger, A.B. and Mueller, A., 2010. Job search and unemployment insurance: New evidence from time use data.Journal of Public Economics,94(3), pp.298-307. Kuhn, P. and Mansour, H., 2014. Is internet job search still ineffective?.The Economic Journal,124(581), pp.1213-1233. Lin, H.F., 2010. Applicability of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Job Seeker Intentions to Use Job Search Websites.International Journal of Selection and Assessment,18(1), pp.64-74. Macan, T. 2009. The employment interview: A review of current studies and directions for future research.Human Resource Management Review,19(3), 203-218. Mang, C., 2012.Online job search and matching quality(No. 147). Ifo Working Paper. McKeown, T. and Lindorff, M., 2011. The graduate job search process-a lesson in persistence rather than good career management?.Education+ Training,53(4), pp.310-320. Nikolaou, I. 2014. Social networking web sites in job search and employee recruitment.International Journal of Selection and Assessment,22(2), 179-189. Sara L. Rynes, Robert D.Bertz Jr, Barry A. 1990 Gehart. The importance of Recruitment in Job Choice: a different way of looking. Sullivan, P., 2010. A dynamic analysis of educational attainment, occupational choices, and job search*.International Economic Review,51(1), pp.289-317. Swider, B.W., Boswell, W.R. and Zimmerman, R.D., 2011. Examining the job searchturnover relationship: The role of embeddedness, job satisfaction, and available alternatives.Journal of applied psychology,96(2), p.432.

Jane Austens Novel Sense And Sensibility English Literature Essay free essay sample

In Jane Austens fresh Sense and Sensibility, she portrays sense and esthesia through Elinor and Marianne Dashwood. Elinor Dashwood represents sense, in contrast her sister Marianne Dashwood represents esthesia. Throughout the novel, the actions, ideas and conversations help the reader realize non merely how different the characters are, but how each truly embodies one of the rubric features. Elinor Dashwood, age 19, represents sense. She has the ability to regulate and command her feelings. She shows ground and restraint. Elinor besides tries to assist anyone that she can assist. Although Elinor is the prototype of sense, she is still passionate. Elinor, this eldest girl whose advice was so effective, possessed a strength of apprehension and imperturbability of judgement which qualified her, though merely 19, to be the counselor of her female parent, and enabled her often to antagonize, to the advantage of them all, that avidity of head in which must by and large hold led to imprudence. We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Austens Novel Sense And Sensibility English Literature Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She had an first-class bosom ; her temperament was fond, and her feelings were strong, but she knew govern them. It was a cognition which her female parent had yet to one of her sisters had resolved neer to be taught. ( Austen, 8. ) This quotation mark is the first clip you can really see Elinor s portraiture of sense. Elinor meets Edward Ferrars, Fanny s brother, when he visits Norland. Edward is diffident and non really fine-looking, but he is really fond. She falls in love with him, but she denies it. She merely admits that she likes him. This is one illustration of how she portrays sense. Edward Ferrars was non recommended to their good sentiment by any curious graces of individual or reference. He was non fine-looking, and his manners required familiarity to do them delighting. He was excessively diffident to make justness to himself ; but when his natural shyness was overcome, his behavior gave every indicant of an unfastened, fond bosom. His apprehension was good, and his instruction had given it solid betterment. But he was neither fitted by abilities nor temperament to reply the wants of his female parent and sister, who longed to see him separate as-they barely knew what. They wanted him to do a all right figure in the universe in some mode or other. ( Austen, 17. ) This quotation mark shows how Edward Ferrars, like Elinor, portrays sense. Marianne Dashwood, Elinor s younger sister, represents esthesia. She is self-generated, unprompted, and really emotional. Marianne is besides really devoted to what she loves. Although, Marianne is non ever foolish and froward. She wants a fine-looking adult male, with grace and spirit. Possibly, said Marianne, I may see it with some surprise. Edward is really good-humored, and I love him tenderly. But yet, he is non the sort of immature adult male ; there is a something wanting-his figure is non dramatic ; it has none of that grace which I should anticipate in the adult male who could earnestly attach my sister. His eyes want all that spirit, that fire, which at one time announce virtuousness and intelligence. And besides all this, I am afraid, mama, he has no existent gustatory sensation. Music seems barely to pull him ; and though he admires Elinor s drawings really much, it is non the esteem of a individual who can understand their worth. It is apparent, in malice of his frequent attending to her while she draws, that, in fact, he knows nil of the affair. He admires as a lover, non as a cognoscente. To fulfill me, those characters must be united. I could non be happy with a adult male whose gustatory sensation did non in every point coincide with my ain. He must come in into all my feelings ; the same books, the same music, must capture us bothaˆÂ ¦ ( Austen, 19. ) This quotation mark explains precisely what Marianne is looking for in a adult male, the complete antonym of her sister. After traveling to Barton Cottage, Marianne and Margaret, their 13 twelvemonth old sister, make up ones mind to research the hills of Barton. It begins pouring raining out of nowhere and the misss run down the hill in a haste to acquire place. While running down the hill, Marianne falls and twists her mortise joint. John Willoughby, a fine-looking immature adult male, sees Marianne and Margaret, and helps Marianne get place. Willoughby visits Marianne about every twenty-four hours after that. She finds that they have a batch in common and begins to wish him. Marianne openly proclaims her love for John Willoughby, unlike her sister concealing her love for Edward Ferrars. Although, Willoughby finally stops traveling to see Marianne. Willoughby and Marianne end up acquiring married to other people. Willoughby, like Marianne, represents esthesia. Marianne s abilities were, in many respects, rather equal to Elinor s. She was reasonable and clever, but eager in everything: her sorrows, her joys, could hold no moderateness. She was generous, good-humored, interesting ; she was everything but prudent. ( Austen, 8. ) This quotation mark is the first clip the reader sees how Marianne embodies esthesia. After Mr. Dashwood and Henry dice, Marianne portrays her esthesia through inordinate bereavement. Elinor shows her sense, because she does non demo her emotions as openly as Marianne. Elinor s emotions are more pent-up. Marianne and Elinor are both down about go forthing Norland, besides. Marianne is really dramatic about it, while Elinor s depression is non that noticeable. Both Elinor and Marianne autumn in love, so appear to hold been betrayed by their lovers, and the novel vividly dramatizes their widely differing responses, with the primary heroine ( Elinor ) guided by sense and the desire to command her heartache, while Marianne cultivates and intensifies her agony, irrespective of the effects to herself and to her household. What happens to each sister affairs less than how each deals with her letdown. ( Sternlicht ) This quotation mark shows how Marianne s emotions are over dramatic and Elinor s emotions are more suppressed. Elinor finally finds out that Edward is besides engaged to Lucy Steele. When Elinor finds this out, she is really rational about it. She believes that Lucy and Edward s battle is vernal infatuation. Finally, Marianne marries Colonel Brandon. Like Marianne, Brandon represents esthesia. Brandon was ever willing to do personal forfeits for the good of others. He is inherently a adult male of esthesia and extremely developed moral sense, whether by 18 th-century or modem criterions. ( Ray ) Marianne fundamentally says that she wants a adult male that is merely like her, which makes it eldritch for these two to acquire married. Many characters in the book, besides Marianne, show esthesia. A few of these characters are Mrs. Dashwood, Margaret, and John Willoughby. The lone individual that represents sense throughout the book is Elinor, that is why she is the prototype of sense in this novel. Marianne is the lone character that truly takes it to the extreme, though. Marianne is immature, intolerant, an absolutist of esthesia. I could non be happy with a adult male whose gustatory sensation did non in every point coincide with my ain, she observes at the beginning of the novel, and imagines that she has found such a adult male in Willoughby. Emotion must be intense, or it is unreal. There can be no uncertainty of the world of Marianne s heartache when she eventually acknowledges Willoughby s perfidy it about kills her. ( Sternlicht ) This book reflects Jane Austen s life. She represents sense and her sister represents esthesia. Many of the things that happen in this book, happened in Jane Austen s personal life. Austen s state of affairs as a immature adult female mirrored that of the Dashwood sisters at the beginning of the novel: after her male parent s decease, Austen, along with her female parent and sister, was forced to trust on the benevolence of relations ( in Austen s instance, her brothers ) for fiscal support. Although the novel is non autobiographical, Austen understood the place of adult females who were deprived of the agencies to gain an income but needed to keep their societal standing. Much critical commentary on Sense and Sensibility trades with the footings referred to in the title- sense versus esthesia. Some have concluded that Austen advocated a adult female s possessing sense, non esthesia. ( Explanation of: Sense and Sensibility ) This book had a batch to make with what was traveling on around her excessively. She wrote this book in the 18th century between two cultural motions. This could be why she chooses to travel with the sense vs. esthesia subject. In decision, this book was written in the 18th century between two cultural motions. Most of the events that take topographic point in this book reflect Jane Austen s life. She portrays sense, like Elinor Dashwood. Although sense and esthesia can travel manus in manus, these two characters are wholly different. Elinor Dashwood is the prototype of sense, while her sister Marianne is the exact antonym. Elinor has the ability to regulate and command her feelings. She shows ground and restraint. Elinor besides tries to assist anyone that she can assist. Elinor is more suppressed than her sister. She is really quiet with her love life and she tries to conceal it from everybody. Elinor feels like an castaway in her household, because both of her sisters and her ma portray esthesia, so she is the eccentric of the household. On the other manus, Marianne Dashwood represents esthesia. She is self-generated, unprompted, and really emotional. She is besides really devoted to what she loves. Mari anne is really passionate about everything she does. Marianne is the prototype of esthesia. She takes it to the extreme and is one of the most dramatic characters in this novel. Although Marianne portrays esthesia, she is still really froward and she is non foolish. She falls profoundly in love and she is non afraid to demo it. Many characters in this book besides show marks of esthesia. These include: Margaret Dashwood, Mrs. Dashwood, and John Willoughby. Marianne falls in love with John Willoughby, but he ends up go forthing her. Marianne finally gets married to Colonel Brandon. Elinor gets married to Edward Ferrars. But, while they are married he gets engaged to Lucy Steele. There are many ups and downs in this book. Elinor and Marianne become down when their male parent, Mr. Dashwood, and Henry die. They are besides depressed when they have to travel from Norland to Barton Cottage. Elinor and Marianne have really different ways of demoing their depression, though. Elinor s depre ssion is instead pent-up and Marianne s depression is really known and dramatic. Marianne grieves through inordinate bereavement, while Elinor is rational about everything. Marianne and Elinor Dashwood are really strong characters in this novel. Although one is more unfastened about it than the other, Marianne and Elinor both autumn in love and acquire hurt. They are both really disquieted, but Elinor is rational about it while Marianne is really dramatic. These characters portray sense and esthesia through their words and their actions. Many people today portray these features. It may non be as noticeable now, but it is still at that place. There is a small spot of Marianne Dashwoood or Elinor Dashwood in everybody.

3 Examples of Proper Attribution of Quotations

3 Examples of Proper Attribution of Quotations 3 Examples of Proper Attribution of Quotations 3 Examples of Proper Attribution of Quotations By Mark Nichol 1. â€Å"‘Of the 230 companies we inventoried in 1984, 54 had gone out of business or been taken over by 1987. From 1981 to 1994, we lost 84 percent,’ said Smith.† Interrupt a quotation of more than one sentence with an attribution following the first sentence to avoid a delay in identifying the speaker or writer: â€Å"’Of the 230 companies we inventoried in 1984, 54 had gone out of business or been taken over by 1987,’ said Smith. ‘From 1981 to 1994, we lost 84 percent.’† 2. â€Å"Echoing the thoughts of his fellow players, Jones perhaps said it best, ‘We never wanted to disappoint him under any circumstances.’† When an attribution consists of a complete thought that sets up the quotation that follows, use a colon rather than a comma, to set the attribution off from the quotation: â€Å"Echoing the thoughts of his fellow players, Jones perhaps said it best: ‘We never wanted to disappoint him under any circumstances.’† 3. â€Å"And while bin Laden’s killing has dealt a crippling blow to his terrorist organization, she said, ‘Nobody should believe individual al Qaeda leaders cannot be replaced.’† To provide context for the quotation, the writer has added the paraphrased dependent clause preceding the attribution, uniting the clause and the quotation into an extended sentence. Because this sentence no longer begins with nobody, the word is no longer capitalized: â€Å"And while bin Laden’s killing has dealt a crippling blow to his terrorist organization, she said, ‘nobody should believe individual al Qaeda leaders cannot be replaced.’† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidAbstract Nouns from Adjectives15 English Words of Indian Origin

International HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

International HRM - Essay Example Oakland (2000) proposed that employees’ participation helps in implementing the total quality management (TQM) strategy. The participative form of management is stated to help the subordinates in sharing the decision making power with their superiors. But the success of any strategy depends upon a number of factors, implementation policy and prevailing circumstances. How such policies are implemented by the companies, depends upon the laws of the land and the factors like union’s bargaining power, relationship employees’ unions and the management, the composition of public equity in the company etc. Participatory form of management includes quality circles, collective bargaining, job control, works councils or workers council, co-determination, employee participation on company boards, labour-controlled investment funds and employee stock ownership plans (O’Hara, 1999). Such participation leads to involvement of employees in key decision making processes a nd the employee feels empowered at the workforce, as he has a say in setting the course instead of just following the orders. How this empowerment is carried out, depends upon the way decentralisation takes place within the organisation Today, in view of the competition, profit margins have become quite thin, which sometimes forces the management towards taking cost-cutting initiatives, that includes outsourcing, retrenchments, relocation of employees, pressure on employee benefits etc. Germany and UK too are affected by the phenomenon of outsourcing and availability of skilled workforce at cheaper rates from places like India, China, Philippines, Malaysia etc. Under such circumstances, the unions as well as the management come under pressure to fine-tune their strategies in order to retain the loyalties and goodwill. While Unions in these nations are busy fighting for the retention of jobs, managements too

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Definition and Explanation of Closed and Open Economic Systems - Essay Example ic system are trading of goods and services at international levels and engaging in import and export of goods and services between various countries. Therefore there is no doubt that this leads to inner and outer flows. It may be goods and services in the form of import and export or the flow of resources, such as labor, capital and currency. The flow of labor is in two ways: emigration and immigration. Emigration means the outer flow of people to different countries, whereas immigration is the inner flow of laborers into the country. Capital flow refers to foreign trade investment. Defines and explains leakages in an open system. In the open system, a there is financial model that computes the goods and services exchanged nationally. The leaks in the open system include all transactions of foreign countries.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"In an open system, taxes are included in the model to show government purchases and inject money back in to the economy† (The Mechanics of Open and Closed Syste m, 2012, para. 4).  Ã‚  Funds being lost due to purchases of foreign facilities can also be seen in the open system. Another structure of leakage that can happen is when US industries outsource their capital OR labor to foreign countries. Even though the industry is saving and can currently make extra profits, the cash that is leaked may not be regained later. Define and explain injections in an open system. An injection happens when a foreign or individual company purchases American commodities or facilities. If a foreign industry hires workers belonging to the US, the wages deserved by the employees are measured and injected back into the financial system. Similarly, when the local government produces purchases in America or provides facilities like welfare, the cash is injected back into the... This essay discusses the closed economy, that is the opposite of an open economy. In a closed economic country, that were analyzed in this essay all economic activities are conducted within the boundary of the country. Such an economy is an independent economy, which means the country does not accept imports from other countries and also does not export to foreign countries. The main objective of this type of economy is to make everything available for people within the confines of the economy. Thus, it can be stated that such a country will not engage in any type of trade or have even the slightest of interactions with other countries. However, it can be seen that in the modern times closed economic countries are very rare. For example, China was a closed economy earlier and then transformed into an open economy, when the China Government understood the benefits that come along with being an open economy. Hovewer, the researcher also mentions that Brazil remains one of the most clos ed economies in the world today. Today, an industry aims to give more US jobs in addition to create earnings from selling to foreign countries is the important example of injection. The company â€Å"green† was identified Wind Sail Reception, Inc. is situated in Nevada and has been creating turbines to change wind to power since the year 2002. The industry sells to American energy services and European services. The income created from the European market is measured a cash injection to the economy of the United States.

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Despite the best efforts of academics, little is known about the way policy is formulated. Discuss - Essay Example It (the policy) identifies and describes the approved and established courses for the adoption by the government and the organizations. Policy usually embraces all general goals, the acceptable procedures and the main actions that lead to the achievement of the goals. It’s (the policies) work is to provide a center for the formulation of policies/strategies, major plans, legislation and any other framework documents. They (policies) generally reflect on long term objectives and they are more subjected to revisions and modifications that are mainly based on the changed vision and goals (Chowdhury, 2003). The national document is a very large mandate which is normally enunciated by the major authority that governs the state with an intention of formulating certain acts and rules that are mostly applied towards the end of attaining the desired objectives. In order to achieve a good policy formulation there has to be a number of desirable steps that have to be followed generally for the purpose of achieving a good policy. Some of these steps include; agreements on how to set priorities, having a form of participatory process, national determination of having a clear goal, implementation arrangements that has clear cut task distribution and better monitoring of activities for major improvements of services and strategic information. When all these steps are followed a good policy gets to be formulated, these steps act as guidance (or even direction) in the policy formulation (Chowdhury, 2003). For the to be able to address a certain public predicament some polices have to be formulated; before the formulation of the policies some steps have to taken and they include; the proper identification of the problem, formulation of a policy adjustment, implementation of the adjusted policy and evaluation of how the adjusted policy is working so as

An Introduction Bogawantalawa Tea Marketing Essay

An Introduction Bogawantalawa Tea Marketing Essay We are one of the foremost tea exporters who manufacture a diversity of own label and private label products from the teas manufactured in own estates situated in the Golden Valley of Bogawantalawa. We control some of the premium High Grown and Low Grown Tea estates in the world manufacturing over 11 million kg per year. We present garden fresh teas at a cost efficient price and every consumer who works with us will have a exceptional occasion of dealing direct without going through middle men. In Sri Lanka Bogawantalawa is a tiny city in (Central province). It is situated at 1514 m elevation higher than sea level in the country. Located Bogawanthalawa is very well-known for its Tea estates among the country. a lot of key companies operate around the tow Majority of tea estates of the area is managed by a company called Bogawantalawa Tea Estates Ltd. Bogawantalawa Tea Estates is the largest Sri Lankan supplier. Theres a sense of mystique when talking about this valley. Known well over for 100 years, this mist enshrouded, mountain valley is known for its tea of outstanding purity and taste. Sought after by connoisseurs the world over, Bogawantalawa produce a unique blend of tea of unparalleled fragrance, flavor, aroma and sourced from this one single valley, it is meticulously handpicked, and comes to you fresh, from tea leaf to teacup. The Bogawantalawa Valley is a miracle of nature. On one side it is surrounded by one of the worlds most beautiful national parks and wilderness reserves, on the other side it is bordered by verdant mountains shrouded in mist. The ancient name of the Valley, Boghavanthalawa, literally means the plain of the gods. But it was not beauty alone that attracted the first Scottish planters to the Valley, way back in the year 1869. These first generation planters found that the extremely fertile soil and the high elevation were conducive to the production of high quality tea very high quality tea. High mountain winds and the abundant monsoonal rains induce a slower, more concentrated growth in the tea bushes. This in turn brings out a tea that is rich in its flowery bouquet and refreshing in its warm taste. 2.0 Mission Statement Bogawantalawa is a company of resourceful people who share a responsibility and commitment to attain excellence in managing the resource of the company by providing customers with high quality products. 2.1 Current market position In below chart we can identify who are the main competitors for Bogawantalawa Company and what is the current market situation of the company in Sri Lanka. High Price Low Price High Quality Low Quality Watawala Tea Cylonta Tea Lipton Tea Dilmah Tea Bogawantalawa Tea Competition Vs Price 2.2 Four Ps for Bogawantalawa Company Products Currently Bogawanthalawa Company has been mainly produced six major products. Such as Black tea, Green tea, White tea, Herbal tea, Single Estate tea, flavored tea. These products are successfully marketed in the local market and it has started to construct profits. So the company has taken a decision to enter in to a new market with their existing products. By looking at the above positioning chart we can identify Bogawanthalawa has a High quality product for medium price when compared in to the local competitors. Place The company is looking forward to move to India as their new market. So company has identified two main competitors from existing market such as TATA Tea and Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL). Bogawantalawa Company has sold their product through their own outlets near to factory and also they have in to retail business also through supermarkets and retail shops. Price When comparing to other good brands and existing brands locally we can say that company have priced fairly for the customers. Because company have using high technology to produce the product for high quality. As an impact of using latest technology price has gone little bit up. It will be a advantage, when entering to new market to capture a potential customers company can go for a attractive pricing strategy. Promotion Tea is a product has to promote in different ways than other product. So we can use the media for give publicity first. And also we can use newspapers to give an idea what is this product and quality standards to gain customers trust. And also can have promotional campaigns in that outlets (buy two and get one free) to attract customers first into the brand. (Refer appendix 01 for more details page No 17) 2.3 SWOT analysis for Bogawantalawa Company Once the forces affecting rivalry have been recognized, the company will be in a position to identify its strengths, weakness to overcome threats and cash on the opportunities. Under the SWOT factors I have discussed about the key issues and the opportunities that company can use. (Refer appendix 01 for SWOT analysis for Bogawantalawa Company page No 17 18) 3.0 Market overview India and source of information Company has taken a decision to move in to a new market. Tea industry in India is old about 169 years. It inhabits a significant place and acting an extremely helpful part in the economy. So the company has chosen India as the potential market. Tea is an agro-based product and is subjected to vagary of nature. In the face of unfavorable agro climatic situation skilled in tea growing areas in numerous years, Indian Tea farm Industry is clever to maintain large growth in relative to quantity of Indian tea manufacture during the decade time. In India teas is a major beverage in the country. It also considered as the cheapest beverage among the beverages accessible in Indian market. The tea production  provides profitable straight employment to more workers mostly strained from the  backward and communally poor part of the community. It is also a considerable overseas replace earner and supply significant quantity of income to the country. In India tea plantations mainly situated in rural hills and diffident areas of North-eastern and Southern States. Kenya is fundamentally a CTC tea manufacturing country. While India is face to the competition from Indonesia and Sri Lanka with look upon to sell abroad of orthodox teas and from China with look upon to green tea export, it faces competition from other African countries and Kenya in exporting CTC teas. For India the foremost competitive countries in tea industry in the globe are Kenya, China, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. Sri Lanka and Indonesia are producing largely orthod ox varieties of tea. China is the foremost producer of green tea to the market. By looking at the factors Bogawantalawa Company has decided to move in to Indian market. Appendix 02-(SWOT analysis of Tea industry in India and PEST Analysis for Indian Tea industry and source of information page No 19-22) 3.1 Special features of the Indian Tea Industry High cost due to high input cost. Low investment in Development Programme. Huge percentage old tea and Low Productivity. No main concern for Scientific Cost Management. Production dependent of agro-climatic conditions. Labour intensive. Product Life is for limited period. Same plant and same agro-practices give variations in quality in different regions. 4.0 Competitor analysis Looking at the Indian market we can identify two main competitors. Such as TATA Tea and Hindustan Unilever Limited. TATA Tea TATA Tea is the biggest perpendicularly integrated tea industry in the globe, from its  agricultural estate activity throughout to its packaging and marketing initiatives. Tata Tea Limited, also known as Tata-Tetley, is the worlds second largest producer and distributor of tea. It also involves in the farming and produce of instant tea and black tea, tea buying, and trade of tea in bulk or value added form. It offers tea mainly under the many brand names such as TATA Tea gold, TATA Tea premium, TATA Tea Agni, Tetley, Kanan Devan, and Chakra Gold. (Refer appendix 03 for SWOT analysis of TATA Tea and internal environment analysis page No 23 24) 4.1 Assumptions The company assumes to enter in to the biggest existing market in India. Because of the high quality company assume that can capture a market soon as they go to the market. Sri Lankan tea is the one of the best Tea in the world so Bogawantalawa Company is a part of it. Company is product is high quality so company assumes that their product is better than to Indian tea when comparing to the competitors. Also assume that company can capture working class of the country because mostly rich people in the country looking forward to have coffee than tea. And company assumes their pricing strategy is better than competitor. And also assume to take over a 10 to 20% market share within the five years time period. In India lot of people prefer tea so can assume demand for tea will remain as the same. 4.2 Objectives Increase the market share 15 to 20% within the five years time. Generate brand awareness within consumer target market and  business target market. Increase the quality with new technology and reduce the price than competitors. The corporation is focused on building value around its  brands to differentiate it from competitors. Improve the distribution through best known established dealers, retailers. Create a publicity operation to build brand consciousness and distinguish products superiority from competitors through emphasizing trade-sales advertising to support delivery approach. Build a long-lasting affiliation with the  buyer and is powerfully positioned in its exacting segment. To improve market share by 4% in the each year. Market share as % 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year Total Market share Every year by 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 20% 5.0 Ansoffs Matrix for Bogawantalawa Tea Current Product New Product Current Market Market Penetration- Relationship marketing, industries cafeteria, retail stores, supermarkets. Product Development   Re branded, re packaged products, new flavors, and new varieties. New Market Market Development   Open outlets all over the country, New resellers, new delivery channel, online selling, make popular the brand and the logo. Diversification- Partnership activities, campaigns and knowledge exhibitions and workshops. 5.1 Marketing strategies For product development Pull strategy. Brand awareness. Heavy advertisements. To gain bargaining power of suppler. Pricing strategy Premium pricing strategy. Skim price in Order to gain the cream from the top of the demand curve. High price shall be changed, with a 30% increase as compared to the leading competitor. Product marketing strategies Massive campaigning using the concept of pull strategy. Allocation of advertisement budget at 5% A product focusing on the high class at a high price, thus a creating a niche market segment. Co branding through installation of finlays tea machine at different places in corporate sector or other business. Media campaigning regarding decaffeinated. Free samplings. Slowly but surely open outlets in other parts in the country. (Refer appendix 04 for more details on marketing strategies page No 25) 5.2 Target market Daily tea drinkers Offices (government and privet sector) Retail shops, resellers and supermarkets Restaurants, hotels and guesthouses Target market Portfolio Matrix for Bogawantalawa tea High High Business strengths Industry/ Market Attractiveness Low Low Hotels, Restaurants Daily tea drinkers Retail shops Supermarkets Offices 6.0 Porters Five Forces Industry rivalry à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ [High] Low switching costs. There are approximately700 tea companies in India hence there is intense rivalry amongst them. Market is dominated by a large number of unorganized players. Industry growth is slow. Bargaining Power of Buyers à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ [High] Not much product demarcation in terms of taste also low switching cost. There are a large numbers of buyers purchasing the manufactured goods. Buyers purchase a huge quantity of the industrys total production. The bargaining power of buyers is extremely high as the buyers have numerous options on hand. Bargaining power of suppliers à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" [Low] There are substitute like coffee available. Suppliers product creates low switching cost. There are a large number of produces of tea in India. Threats of substitutes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ [Moderate] Substitutes coffee, cold drinks, fresh juices Existing customers are loyal The existing products quality and performance may be better. Substitutes price may be lower. As there are so many players in the industry a price war is unavoidable. Threats of new entrants à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ [High] Encouraging government policies like food and beverages act. Large untapped rural markets for branded tea segment in rural India and Indian tea in global markets. 6.1 Porters Strategic Matrix Low cost High cost Narrow Broad Competitive Scope Source of competitive advantage Cost Leadership Differentiation Bogawantalawa Company Cost Focus Differentiation Focus Bogawantalawa Company chooses the Differentiation strategy because it involves creation company goods unlike from and more smart from competitors. Company do this depends on the accurate nature of tea industry and of the products and services themselves, but will naturally involve durability, also brand image, functionality, support and features that companys consumers value. To make a winner of a Differentiation strategy, companies require, Good research, development and innovation. The ability to deliver high-quality tea products. Effective sales and marketing, so that the market understands the benefits offered by the differentiated offerings. 7.0 Branding Strategy Make Your Global Brands Local Use Local Brands to Establish a Market Presence Grow Your Own Local Brands When Possible Recognize That Brands May Mean Something Completely Different Address the Liabilities of Global Brands Increasing customer loyalty Contribute to unproductive expenditures in operational areas that contradict what company brand stands for Company can modify ads, but the fundamentals of slogan, logo, and color need to basically look the same. Make small changes over time so that consumers wont get puzzled and lose the product. After all, if company change ad too much and consumers dont recognize it, then company just lost all of the good will, appreciation, and trust that company have built up with branding strategy over time.  If company does want to make huge changes all at once, then company wants to tell consumers about it. Company will need to momentarily increase advertising budget so that company can keep consumers educated, and not lose them. Company might consider a direct mail campaign, or television advertisements etc. company will want to change them regularly because if not it will get really bored with the branding strategy. Until the consumer is serious about making a purchase, they wont really pay close concentration to ads. Company will feel familiar to them because they have seen ads 100 times, but only when they are ready will they really read it. Same old boring advertisement will not bore customers. Do not change the overall look and feel of ads unless you dont get the sales as company expected. (Refer appendix 05 for Brand Positioning Matrix page No 26) 7.1 Positioning Statement A brands position refers to its place in the customers minds. Positioning creates a unique space for a brand, and succinctly articulates the position to the brands core target audience. The company wants to make customers mind if goes to make a tea, that time remember what the tea there is using. Bogawantalawa Company theme is quality tea for everyone they have target the audience who loves the tea can use Black tea and who willing to reduce the weight can use green tea.etc. 7.2 Product Strategy Product strategy based on the most current company and product vision. Product differentiation strategy when company and competing firms offer a product that fulfills the same need. In a product-differentiation strategy, company goal is to put distance between your product and competitors product. Essentially, competitor sells tea A, but you Sell tea B, in company strategy, company need to produce tea B so that tea lovers find Bogawantalawa tea to be superior to companies competitors. price-based product strategy, the goods is designed according to such things as cost-plus pricing that where company set the price of the product at the production cost plus a specific profit margin, value-based pricing that where the price is derived according to the products value in relation to competitors products, and target-return pricing that where you set a price in order to receive a certain profit return. Market share Market growth rate Low High Low High Product strategy Boston Matrix Star Question mark ? Cash Cow $ Dog By doing a market survey can find how products come to the BCG matrix. After looking at the matrix cash cow products and star products will be marketed. 7.3 Pricing strategy The point is here Bogawantalawa Tea Company cannot set a price that is too high because competitors will attract by potential profits and will follow by a lower price. After having taken all the important factors into consideration, there five price level fixing seem appropriate. (Refer appendix 06 for more details on pricing strategy page No 27) 7.4 Distribution strategy (Place) Tea will be distributed by these channels; supermarkets, independent food stores, convenience stores, multiple grocers, Bogawantalawa outlets and direct sales. (Refer appendix 07 for more details on distribution strategy and the action plan for five years page No 28) 7.5 Promotion strategies Promotional activities will convey that the clear massage of Bogawantalawa Tea is a healthy drink for daily tea drinkers, sporty and young and any generation who simply enjoy taking care of the body and the pure taste of a tea. There are some product promotional strategies such as TV advertisements, Radio, Magazines, outdoors, personal selling, public relations and publicity. (Refer appendix 08 for more details on promotional strategies page No 29) 8.0 Assumed budget and Risk management Risk management involves assessing and quantifying business risks, then taking measures to manage or reduce them. Its purpose is to generate ideas and promote good practice for those involved in the business of managing risk. All too often assessments of risk are crudely made and the consequences of getting things wrong can be serious, including lost opportunities, loss of business and loss of reputation. Administration the competitors in the market also will be an additional risk. This can be prevented by providing different and more quality products to the customers. Then the customers will not try to move towards the competitive companies in the market. And also Market Risk includes interest rate risk, foreign currency risk, and investment portfolio risk. Interest Rate Risk is the risk of financial loss from changes in market interest rates. As strategic risks we can say that, Governance Risk is the risk of having an inadequate structure or body to make effective decisions. Budget By having a budget companies can allocate the resources as they wanted. And also budget will help for the company to have an idea about potential expenses and fast expenses of the company. (Refer appendix 09 for assumed Budget page No 30) 9.0 Conclusion In this report included a five years marketing plan for Bogawantalawa Company. In this report, I have discussed about how Bogawantalawa Tea industry willing to move to new market in India and how to use suitable strategies and how to market the product in very competitive environment. For get to know about environment I have done a research on competitor SWOT, PEST analysis to get a better understanding about the environment. Also I have use some theoretical matrixes to get a clear idea how the markets moves and what are the products that we should market. And also I have discussed about pricing and better promotional strategies that company will find comfortable at last I have given some recommendations that would help the Bogawantalawa Company for potential achievement and capture market share in five years time. 10.0 Recommendations As recommendations for potential success we can suggest that Increase number of service outlets, In recent times there have been numerous tea and coffee shops bounce up in cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore etc Tea house shpul beset up in a similar fashion and premium quality teas should be served at these outlets. And also strategic alliance, Tie up with own range of five star hotels to supply premium quality tea also with lower end three star hotel and also local eateries. Tie-up with airlines, caterers etc to promote Bogawantalawa tea to the market. By tie up with these companies it will easy to build relationship with corporate customers and build a good customer relationship and also make popular the tea through them. And also own depots, To start own depots of Bogawantalawa Tea so that they can sell loose tea thus reducing cost of packing which will also reduce the Vat additional charges. Thus masses from lower income group would be effectively targeted. And also Launching of flavored teas bamboo cups in china bring it to India too. Launching of more flavors in India. And also Increase profit margins for retailers to achieve higher sales volume as they are the main influencing factors in lower income group people. And also providing a bundle pack like a small tea sachet free with 100 grams pack of  biscuits. 11.0 Reference Johnson, G, 2008. Exploring Corporate Strategy. 5th ed. Prentice Hall: Financial Times. Bohlander, Snell, 2007. Human Resource Management. 4th ed. USA: Thomson Higher Education. Jordan, Roass, 2006. Corporate Finance Fundamentals. 5th ed. Singapore: McGraw Hill. Global tea industry. 2011. Globa tea industry. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/28455965/Study-into-the-tea-industry-of-India. [Accessed 03 January 12]. India tea. 2011. India tea. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www1.american.edu/TED/indiatea.htm. [Accessed 04 January 12]. Four Ps for Bogawantalawa Company. 2011. Four Ps for Bogawantalawa Company. [ONLINE] Available at: http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=BOPL:SL. [Accessed 06 January 12]. Bogawantalawa Company. 2011. Bogawantalawa Company. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bplteas.com. [Accessed 06 January 12]. swot analysis india. 2011. swot analysis india. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.indiadairy.com/ind_swot.html. [Accessed 07 January 12]. PESt analysis india. 2011. PESt analysis india. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/29980456/PESTLE-Analysis-of-India. [Accessed 09 January 12]. Competitor analysis . 2011. Competitor analysis . [ONLINE] Available at: http://tutor2u.net/business/strategy/competitor_analysis.htm. [Accessed 10 January 12]. Ansoffs Matrix . 2011. Ansoffs Matrix . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/sethaphat/starbucks-presentation-presentation. [Accessed 11 January 12]. BCG Matrix. 2011. BCG Matrix. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/prasadshahane/hul-final. [Accessed 11 January 12]. 12.0 Appendix 01 Current market position Promotion Insistent Marketing Strategy Bogawantalawa can take benefit of the encouraging force down on the health repayment on tea to enhance the sales of its ice tea product line. Foundation of its media releases and promotion campaigns Company can exercise current studies on the health repayment on tea. Improve Packaging The Bogawantalawa flavored Tea are available locally in two sizes, the 500g packet and 1Kg packet. Bogawantalawa can come up with additional wrapping sizes to make sure that customers will have additional choices and that Bogawantalawa flavored Tea will be simply and willingly accessible to customers. SWOT analysis for Bogawantalawa Company Strengths When we looking at the strengths of Bogawantalawa Company we can identify that company has a old industry record, long experience, new technical and man power skills, good research and development support, mostly they pick tea from their own estates so cost advantage, assets leverage, effective communication, innovations through experience in the company, loyal customers from long time because of the image of the company and the high quality, also market share leadership, strong management team, strong brand equity, every company should have financial sustainability so this will be great advantage for the Bogawantalawa company, strong supply chain, and having fair product price among the competitors. And also the quality control within the company is good. Company having a strong image in the local market, so it will be advantage when moving into new market. Weakness Basically min development investment, stagnant production, less effective cost management, declining exports are major weakness can see from the Bogawantalawa Company but there are some more such as diseconomies of scale, low R D, less online presence, less diversified, weak real-estate, the facility for the production of the tea have become obsolete. The growing stock is old and has lost productivity. Factory modernization is slow and there is an imbalance in the production ratio of orthodox. The productivity is low when comparing to the international players. Above mentions the main and weaknesses of the Bogawantalawa Company. Opportunities As opportunities we can see that quality and brand equity, export potential, big domestic market, financial institutional support, acquisitions, financial markets, emerging markets and expansion abroad, innovation, go through online selling and online marketing, takeovers, world demand is for black tea expected grow rate is 3.2% per year. The substantial part of demand coming from the developing counties, particularly middle east and CIS countries which has preference of orthodox tea. Also CIS counties willing to buy who providing good and quality product so this will be potential opportunity for the company. The future consumption potential in other markets is so high. Company produces a wide array of tea, from high quality light tea to strong dark tea. It can exploit this ability to expand the product line and diversify into related products. These are the major opportunities that company has identified. Threats Threats for the company such as open global competition, low cost in some countries (Kenya), uncertain price, cheaper technology, economic slowdown, external changes (governments, Tax and regulations, politics.etc), exchange rates fluctuations, maturing categories products, price wars and also product substitution such as soft drinks and coffee. Kenya has overtaken the Sri Lanka as the worlds largest exporter of tea, the technology development and product development is low when comparing to the competitors because of the cost factor. Stagnant infrastructure development may decrease the industrys ability to compete internationally. These are the main threats that Bogawantalawa Company has been facing on. Appendix 02 SWOT analysis of Tea industry in India Strengths We can see that main Strengths are such as Technical Manpower Skill- Due to a huge population base in India Technical and manpower Skill is available in plentiful. And also Demand for tea has been growing at some 2% per annum and should accelerate further. And good Research Support by tea growers has will help industry grow further. Weaknesses Major weaknesses are such as Supply from more efficient players like Kenya, China, Sri lanka. And also Labor intensive industry- The second generation labors is unwilling to join this industry therefore it could pretense a problem of skilled manpower in the near future. And also No efficient Cost Management system adopted by industries and other regulatory  bodies, and Declining Export of India over the years. Opportunities It will be benefit for the companies who exist for achieve future opportunities. The main opportunities are to come up with new flavors and formulation of the tea, tea houses to popularize the impression of tea in India, also Export Potential if India can increase its production capacity, and To make tea more acceptable and fashionable like coffee and Large untapped rural market for branded tea companies lile Hul and Tata Tea. These are the main opportunities can gather from the environment. Threats When we look at the environment of the India we can see that there are four main threats for the tea industry such as Low Cost in some countries like China, Sri Lanka and Kenya, Cost escalation on account of increase in the cost of production, Import of Tea from other countries and also global competition. PEST Analysis for Indian Tea industry Political factors Trade Agreements Employment laws Tax policy Trade restriction and Tariffs Political stability Environmental regulations Industry specific regulations Economic factors Demand for food and beverages Customers buying power Exchange rate and taxation Economic growth Foreign Investment Foreign Investment Interest Rate Raw material Availability Social factors Population growth rate Health Consciousness Social cultural changes Trend of Buyers Career attitude Consumer preference Change in life style and occupation Education Technological factors Advances in manufacturing IT developments Research and development activities Industrial

Ghengis Khan Essay -- Chinese History Mongol Genghis Essays

Ghengis Khan Genghis Khan, or Ghengis Khan as he is more widely known, was born about the year 1162 to a Mongol chieftain, Yesugei, and his wife. He was born with the name of Temujin, which means ’iron worker’ in his native language. When Temujin was born his fist was clutching a blood clot which was declared an omen that he was destined to become a heroic warrior.Very little is known of Temujin until he was around age 13 when his father declared that his son was to find a fiancà ©e and get married. After several days of travel Temujin and Yesugei came across a tribe of Mongols that were very hospitable and welcoming. Temujin was not there long when he noticed a certain girl, Borte the daughter of the chieftain. She was destined to become his wife. Temujin’s father died when Temà ¼jin was still young, poisoned by a group of Tatars. The Tatars were the chief power on the eastern Mongolia at the time, and long- time rivals of the Mongols. When Temujin heard how his father had died, vowed one day to avenge the death. Temujin left Borte, returned to his tribe, with the intention to declare himself leader. At this time he was 13 years of age. Senior members of the tribe ridiculed his plans; rejected him as chief, and abandoned the youngster and his family to the Mongolian plains. While there were noble lineages among the Mongols, such as Temujin's, they did not enjoy the automatic loyalty of others. Nor did seniority guarantee a position of influence or power. Leadership seems to have often been a more informal institution, open to those with the right to contest for it. As a result of this rejection, Temujin extended his vengeful intentions to his own clan members. Life was very hard for the family. It is related that when Temujin discovered his own brother stealing food from the group had no hesitation in killing him. News that he was a stern leader that would kill his own brother to keep order became widely known. On a hunting trip he was ambushed by an enemy tribe and taken prisoner. While pris oner he killed his guard and escaped. The enemy searched, but excellent survival skills kept him alive until he could meet up with his own tribe. This act of courage spread his name to all parts of the Mongolian plains. Shortly after, another raid by strangers left the family with one horse and very little food. Temujin took chase but could not catch them. During hi... ...y populations were put into action as siege experts, and even the cavalry was a mixture of Mongol and other nomadic groups. The success of the Mongol conquests should also be attributed at least in part to two other factors. One was military intelligence. The Mongols had an extensive network of spies and usually had extensive information of an enemy before they engaged them in battle. The other was their use of psychological warfare. Much is made of the total destruction of cities in Central Asia by the Mongols. What is normally overlooked, however, is that this was more of an exception than a rule. If a city capitulated, Ghengis Khan was usually content to let them be, once their defenses had been pulled down. Only those who resisted faced the sword. This not only wiped out resistance, but more importantly, word quickly spread of the wrath of Ghengis Khan, and many peoples found it easier to submit than to resist. In short, although the Mongol successes may appear astounding, they are explainable by ordinary means. One need not look for some mystical explanation. Indeed, to do so does a disservice to the true talents of Ghengis Khan and the Mongols of the thirteenth century.

Quality Child Care Matters

Mother’s have quite the dilemma when deciding when and if to return to work after giving birth to a child. Sometimes the choice is made for them due to financial reasons and sometimes they have the luxury of deciding on which is the best scenario for themselves and their families. In trying to make this decision, mothers may wonder if and how their absence and the choice of child care will affect their child. In all the years I have spend in early childhood education and child care, I think I have probably seen all of the â€Å"scenarios† and know that there is no one right answer. Each situation is different and there are so many variables, even within each variable, but the evidence is so vast that there are certainly findings to please almost everyone (Belsky, 2009, p. 1). In my research on this delicate topic, I have come to the conclusion that the only two factors that can predict positive outcomes for children’s later development is the combination of child care quality and healthy family attachments and support. As you will see, there are so many variables and each plays into the other, but safe and secure relationships at home and in child care are the winning factors in this decades long debate. There are two well-known pieces of data that have been gathered which researchers have utilized throughout the years to study the effects of maternal employment on later development. The first was conducted by the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) and began in 1979. The NLSY79 is a nationally representative sample of 12, 686 young men and women who were 12-22 years old when they were first surveyed in 1979. These individuals were interviewed annually through 1994 and are currently interviewed on a biennial basis† (US Dept. f Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, http://www. bls. gov/nls/y79summary. htm, para. 1). In 1986, the NLSY79 was used as â€Å"a separate survey of all children born to NLSY79 female respondents† to conduct more child-specific information† (US Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, http://www. bls. gov/nls/nlsy79ch. htm, para. 8). Researchers such as Jay Belsky (1988) first utilized the NLSY79 data to study the effects of early and extensive maternal employment. Belsky, etc al. oncluded â€Å"that children who had initiated care for 30 or more hours per week in their first year and whose care at this level continued through their preschool years evinced poorer academic and social functioning than did children whose full-time care began sometime later – and that this was true whether one looked at teacher reports, parent reports, peer reports, or the children’s own self-reports† (Belsky & Eggebeen, 1991, p. 1084). There were some problems with this early research and the data that was used to interpret outcomes. One of the problems was that the two groups studied (maternal employment and non-maternal employment) were too different in so many ways. â€Å"One of the most difficult methodological issues in studying this causal process is the fact that there are substantial differences between women who work soon after their child is born and women who do not† (Hill, Waldfogel, Brooks-Gunn, & Wen-Jui, 2005, p. 834). Another problem with this wave of research was that â€Å"the effects of different features of the child-care experience, particularly the quality of the care, the amount or quality of care, and the type of care† (Belsky, Vandell, Burchinal, et al. 2007, p. 682) were not taken into account at the same time. Prior research â€Å"examined one or another feature of the child-care experience, but never all three† (Belsky, Vandell, Burchinal, et al. , 2007, p. 682). The second wave of research was based on more specific data â€Å"to examine the concurrent, long-term , and cumulative influences of variations in early child care experiences on the cognitive, linguistic, social, emotional, and physical development of infants and toddlers† (Friedman, NICHD, 1992, p. 1. . These researchers were interested not only in the effects of child-care, but the â€Å"endurance of effects† (Belsky, Vandell, & Burchinal, 2007, p. 682). They continued to follow up with children from 4 ? – 11 years of age. This goal of this study was â€Å"accomplished through the implementation of a study design that takes into account the complex concurrent, long-term and cumulative interactions among characteristics of the family and home, of the child care environments, and of the child† (Friedman, 1992, p. 6). Researchers such as Jennifer Hill and Jane Waldfogel (2005) utilized the NICHD data to determine the effects of maternal employment with easier access to more varied situations. They broke up their results into four categories – Comparisons Between Worked After First Year and Never Worked, Comparisons Between Worked Part Time in the First Year and Did Not Work Until After the First Year, Comparisons Between Worked Full Time in the First Year Versus Did Not Work Until After the First Year, and Comparisons Between Worked Full Time in the First Year Versus Worked Part Time in the First Year (pp. 839-842). These researchers concluded that â€Å"negative effects of maternal employment on children’s cognitive outcomes were found in our analyses primarily for children whose mothers were employed full time in the first year postbirth as compared with children whose mothers postponed work until after their child’s first year of life and also as compared with mothers who worked part time in the first year. Negative effects in terms of increased externalizing behavioral problems were evident in each of these comparisons involving mothers who worked full time in the first year† (Hill, Waldfogel, Brooks-Gunn, and Hann, 2005, p. 44). Although the use of the NICHD study did allow researchers to analyze the data utilizing more correlations between diverse situations, there is even later research that delves even deeper into the mixed bag of maternal work situations, family dynamics, home-life, child-care situations, etc. Heather Joshi, et al. , extended the studies even furthe r by including events such as, â€Å"additional information concerning the types of jobs that they return to: are these jobs routinized or do they provide a degree of autonomy† (2008, p. ). Also included in these studies is the â€Å"interactions between our maternal employment measures and additional maternal characteristics and behaviors† and the â€Å"differences by gender† (Joshi, Cooksey, Verropoulou, Menaghan, & Tzavidis, 2008, p. 2). The results of these more recent studies lend â€Å"only limited support to negative effect of mother’s employment per se during infancy and the pre-school years on later child well-being† (Joshi, Cooksey, Verropoulou, Menaghan, & Tzavidis, 2008, p. ). The extent and expansion of variables for research surrounding maternal employment continues to grow. Joshi, et al. , are currently working on expanding on their set of â€Å"both maternal employment and maternal/family background variables† Joshi, Cooksey, Verropoulou, Menaghan, & Tzavidis, 2008, p. 3) which should be completed sometime in 2009 (the results for which I have not yet been able to locate). There are four questions that have motivated current research on this topic. They have been identified as: Does extensive child care in the first year of life disrupt attachment between mother and child, what is the influence of varying types of in child care quality on children’s development, do long hours spent in child-care add to later behavior problems, and what are the effects of the types of child-care that are available? Mother-Child Attachment The earliest studies surrounding maternal employment and attachment came up with many mixed results which is one of the main reasons that the NICHD decided to begin their own study (1986). Assessment of the mother-child attachment relationship is made using various measures, including the Strange Situation† (Friedman, NICHD, 1992, p. 12). The Strange Situation was a psychological study designed by Mary D. Ainsworth which consisted â€Å"of eight episodes presented in a standardized order for all subjects† (1978, pp. 32-33) which tested the reactions of children, ages 12 – 18 months, w hilst in the presence of mother only, mother-stranger, stranger only, and alone (including the return of mother during each separation from her). According to the NICHD, â€Å"there were no significant main effects of child-care experience (quality, amount, age of entry, stability, or type of care) on attachment security or avoidance† and there were â€Å"significant main effects of maternal sensitivity and responsiveness† (NICHD, 1997, https://secc. rti. org/abstracts. cfm? abstract=9). These negative affects in attachment were also amplified when â€Å"combined with poor quality child care, more than minimal amounts of child care, or more than one care arrangement† (NICHD, 1997, https://secc. ti. org/abstracts. cfm? abstract=9). Child Care Quality The quality of the child-care of a child proves to be one of the most important factors when addressing the impact of child-care on child development. When assessing the impact of child-care quality, it is important to look at child-staff ratio, group size, and caregiver education and/or training. The quality of the interactions between caregivers and children, between peers, as well as how caregivers facilitate these interactions is also a tremendous indicator of child-care quality. According to the NICHD, children who experience high-quality child-care have higher scores on achievement and language tests, show fewer behavioral issues and better social skills. Programs like the federally funded Head Start can also function as an intervention for children from at-risk families/situations. In 2007, Belsky conducted a study based on the NICHD findings and concluded â€Å"that quality and type of care remained associated with children’s vocabulary and problem behavior† (2007, p. 297). In a 2002 study (also based on NICHD), researchers Hill, Waldfogel, & Brooks-Gunn concluded that children who participated in no non-maternal care and home-based, non-maternal care â€Å"would have gained the most from high quality center-based care and moreover, would have more consistently remained the bulk of these benefits overtime† (2002, p. 1). Hours Spent in Child Care Although the findings seem to be mixed, there is some evidence that the amount of hours spent in child care may be a cause for some behavior problems, namely aggressive behavior. The NICHD researchers (Belsky, Hill), did conclude that â€Å"children with more experience in child-care centers were rated by their teachers as showing somewhat more disruptive behavior in sixth grade† (National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, n. d. , p. 2), but more recent research (Joshi, Cooksey, et al. ) explored â€Å"various interactions between our maternal employment measures and additional maternal characteristics and behaviors† (2008, p. 2) to be added risk factors for behavioral issues. Type of Child Care There are also mixed findings in the effects of the type of child care situation a young child experiences. I feel rather strongly that a primary caregiver relationship is best for the young infants entering child care (whether it be in a more formal, group care setting or a private situation). Unfortunately most group child care programs do not offer a primary caregiver model which definitely contributes to the disorganization and unpredictability of the care that a child receives. With a primary care model, caregivers can â€Å"promote a stronger attachment than might happen if attachment were left to chance or if all the caregivers relate to the whole group without differentiation† (Gonzalez-Mena, 2007, p. 49). Penelope Leach, et al. also state that â€Å"children who experience greater caregiver stability while attending early years settings have been found to have more secure relationships with their caregivers and to show higher degrees of social competence† (2008, p. 180). When child care provider implement practices that support child development (whether it be group care of private care), the results are positive. What it all seems to come down to is that the effects of maternal employment are complex and vary from family to family, child care situation to child care situation, and parental style/characteristics. The NICHD researchers clearly suggest that â€Å"we seek to move beyond the determination of possible risks that may be presented by child care as a unitary category. Rather, we want to find out how the effects of non-maternal care vary as a function of different variables such as child care quality, the extent of its use, characteristics of the children and of their family and home† (Friedman, NICHD, 1992, p. 10). These factors combined with family income/education and child gender make for a very complicated study. One factor seems to influence the other and there are so many variables. The one thing that does stand out in all of the research is that developmental outcomes are dependent upon the quality of child care and family dynamics. When a child is feeling supported by both his/her parents and the people that care for him/her, the outcomes are favorable. Quality child care programs support cognitive, physical, social-emotional development, but unfortunately so many families do not have access to these programs due to their lack of availability and the high cost of most quality programs. A proof in point is that I am currently a private child care provider and due to my expertise, I am able to charge higher rates than others in my field, but only families that can afford these rates are able to hire me. The sad thing is that â€Å"a national study of 100 child care centers found that 92% of them provided inadequate care to infants† and â€Å"it was reported that two in five centers were rated less than minimal† (FSU Center for Prevention & Early Intervention Policy, http://www. peip. fsu. edu/resourceFiles/resourceFile_81. pdf). Keep in mind that these figures are based on child care centers with varied tuition rates in various parts of the county. Those numbers are just staggering and unacceptable, but make perfect sense when you take into account that child care providers are usually not professionally trained or minimally trained and receive very low wages. Teacher training and regulations on child care centers are getting stricter which is a good si gn. More and more mothers are returning to work and it is only cost effective that the investments we make in early child care practices will result in better adjusted and academically successful children in the years to come. References Ainsworth, M. (1978). Patterns of attachment: a psychological study of the strange situation Philadelphia: Laurence Earlbaum Associates, Inc. Belsky, J. & Eggebeen, D. (1991, January 1). Early and extensive maternal employment and young children’s socioemotional development: children of the national longitudinal survey of youth. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53(4), 1083-98. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ440714). Retrieved August 15, 2009 from ERIC database. Belsky, J. , Vandell, D. , Burchinal, M. , Clark-Stewart, K. , McCartney, K. , & Owen, M. (2007, March 1). Are there long-term effects of early child care?. Child Development, 78(2), 681-701, (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ756658). Retrieved August 15 From ERIC database. Belsky, J. (2009, March). Effects of child care on development. Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Social Issues. Birkbeck University of London. Gonzalez-Mena, J. Infants, toddlers, and caregivers. Boston: McGraw-Hill. FSU Center for Prevention & Early Intervention Policy. (n. d. ). Research on quality child care For infants and toddlers. Retrieved August 25, 2009 from https://www. cpeip. fsu. edu. Hill, J. , Waldfogel, J. , & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2002, September 1). Different effects of high quality Care. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 21(4), 601-627. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ772831). Retrieved August 15, 2009 from ERIC database. Hill, J. , Waldfogel, J. , Brooks-Gunn, J. , & Han, W. (2005, November 1). Maternal employment and child development: a fresh look using newer methods. Developmental Psychology, 41(6), 833-850. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ733669). Retrieved August 25, 2009. Joshi, H. , University of London, Cooksey, E. , The Ohio State University, Verropoulou, G. , University of Piraeus, Menaghan, E, The Ohio State University, & Tzavidis, N. , University of Manchester. (2008). Combining childrearing with work: do maternal employment experiences compromise child development. Retrieved August 12, 2009 from http://iussp2009. princeton. edu/download. aspx? submissionId=92322. Leach, P. Barnes, J. , Malmberg, L. , Sylva, K. , & Stein, A. (2008, February 1). The quality of different types of child care at 10 and 18 months: a comparison between types and factors related to quality. Early Child Development and Care, 178(2), 177-209. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ782856). Retrieved August 15, 2009 from ERIC database. Motherhood-extent and effects of maternal employment. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 26, 2009 from http://family. jrank. org/pages/1187/Motherhood-Extent-Effects-Maternal- Employment. html National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. Scientific briefs: how early child care affects later development. (2007). Retrieved August 12, 2009 from http://www. developingchild. net. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care: A comprehensive Longitudinal Study of Young Children’s Lives. (1992, June 1). (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED353087). Retrieved August 15, 2009 from ERIC database. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (1987). The effects of infant child care on infant- Mother attachment security: results of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. Child Development, 68.