Argumentative Essay on Love

Flying around the world is an extravagance the majority of society may not be able to afford; life is chock-full of esoteric luxuries only a special association will enjoy fully. However, life does not have to encompass the additional commodities that people claim to be necessary. Throughout humanity there have been innumerous individuals who never delved into the most desired rarity-true love; much like the trips around the world, true love, is a nonessential of life. Although love is always sought after, as if life’s’ buried treasure, a human being can live in happiness without it.Many would argue that by not pursuing love, life would be eviscerated of its full meaning. Contrary to popular belief, it is an additional tangent of life that may or may not make matters foregoing. Strip a being of all â€Å"luxuries in life, and if you can [still] make someone smile and laugh, you have given the most special gift: happiness. † Having happiness present creates the sa me euphoric feeling that being in love can cause without running the risk of being emotionally dismantled by a divorce or breakup.More often then not love comes at much too high a price for every person to bare, not only can the cost be extraordinary but also at times a relentless barrage of sorrow. In order for someone to surpass the unrealistic goal of finding true love and obtaining it they must distract themselves. Society must focus on what is in front of it and remember, â€Å"We’re born alone, we live alone, [and] we die alone. Only through our love and friendship can we create the illusion for the moment that we’re not alone. † As great as love presents itself to be, the majority of todays’ American community is divorced.These once happily married couples believed in the luxury of marriage until the price became more than they had bargained for leaving a bitter taste of resentment. As a person grows from child to adult there is a realization that true love does exist. This realization turns into a formulated question, ‘is the cost of love make the venture worthwhile. ’ For many people across all generations love has been a hopeless endeavor, in George Orwell’s novel 1984 Winston Smith embarked on an adventure that didn’t bode well â€Å"’I betrayed you’ she [, Winston’s previous love,] said baldly. ‘I betrayed you’ he said.†After betraying one another they part ways to live their lives in a better manner than before. Winston and the women, Julia, were lovers who when put to the test proved true love does not exist except for as a luxury the inner party could afford. All in all, love is a luxury that cannot be afforded by the mass. Even though it could portray itself to be beneficial, in the end it is not worth the cost. Surely true love is a product that even the people with the most acumen are dumbfounded. Happiness is something that serendipitously found a nd can egregiously affect a human’s life meanwhile true love is accompanied by painful hardship.

Brand Management Across Geographic Boundaries and Market Segments Essay

Apple’s encouragement of differentiation between product designs and its promotion of secrecy around new product launches heightens the Apple mystique. These create the Apple â€Å"halo effect,† where a buyer of one Apple product has a high probability of returning to Apple for other products as well. Apple’s has emphasized its unique retail stores through design for several of its flagship locations as well as tailoring the retail experience to include product â€Å"test drives†, classes and workshops geared teaching users about its products. With relatively light presence in lower-margin, higher-growth geographic areas, Apple will experience less of its halo effect and reduced product/brand recognition, lowering sales potential. With China and India estimated to make up about 66% of PC market growth through 2010, this could be a significant challenge for Apple. Competition Against the Mac: Apple’s position is improving in the worldwide PC market; the Mac still represents a small fraction of the overall PC market. Apple enjoys a unique advantage of having something of a niche market without needing to compete directly with Hewlett-Packard Company (HPQ) and Dell (DELL) and Microsoft (MSFT) operating systems for enterprise endorsement. Against the iPod: Although Apple remains the industry leader in PMPs, the competition is making significant gains. The popularity of flash-based PMPs is problematic for Apple, which has much stronger market presence in hard-drive based (HDD) players. To combat this, Apple may release a new flash-based line of players. Apple in the Living Room Apple’s iPod and iTunes are a powerful combination that fosters a network style of increasing returns. By selling iPods, Apple increases the consumer demand for music from iTunes. By placing more musical choices on iTunes there is more demand for iPods. Apple is shooting for the digital living room of the future. For example, Apple just released a â€Å"boom box† portable version of the iPod. This comes with a remote control. Apple is clearly trying to develop a stronger core competency in the entertainment area. Style at a Premium Apple’s products are trendy and stylish. After Jobs returned in 1997, Apple retained a special designer called Jonathan Ive to differentiate their computers. Ive’s design of the iMac included clear colorful cases that distinguished Apple computers. Apple positions its Macintosh computers as higher quality and higher price. HP, Dell, and other PC manufacturers are pricing many systems. Although the Mac Mini is a base model with few features, it comes in a very small and distinctive package. Apple portrays this computer as â€Å"Small is Beautiful†. (Apple) Likewise, the iPod Shuffle was Apple’s first entry of flash-memory-based portable music players. Apple and the Digital Lifestyle Apple not only dominates the music player market, its iLife suite provides consumers with easy-to-use software for music and video composition. With â€Å"podcast† a household word, Apple’s Garage Band application makes the recording of podcasts and music very easy. Operating Segments Apple breaks its sales into five â€Å"operating segments†. The chart below shows the sales by segment for each year 2002-2005. On a percentage basis, only the retail segment appears to be outperforming the others. Differentiation Apple pioneered the PDA market by introducing the Newton in 1993. Later, Apple introduced the easy-to-use iMac in 1998, and updates following 1998. In 2001, Apple hit another important historical point by launching iTunes. This marked the beginning of Apple’s new strategy of making the Mac the hub for the â€Å"digital lifestyle†. Apple then opened its own stores, in spite of protests by independent. Then Apple introduced the iPod, central to the â€Å"digital lifestyle† strategy. Philip W. Schiller, VP of Worldwide Product Marketing for Apple, stated, â€Å"iPod is going to change the way people listen to music.† He was right. Apple continued their innovative streak with advancements in flat-panel LCDs for desktops in 2002 and improved notebooks in 2003. In 2003, Apple released the iLife package, containing improved versions of iDVD, iMovie, iPhoto, and iTunes. Apple continued its digital lifestyle strategy by launching iTunes Music Store online in 2003, In 2003, Apple released the world’s fastest PC (Mac G5).

Ambitious leader

Not everyone Is capable of being an ambitious leader. Ambition Is an Intense desire for achievement or distinction. Some individuals are born with an inner motive that pushes them to find solutions. An ambitious leader is someone who is confident, open-minded, and has self-control. Confidence is an essential aspect when it comes to being an ambitious leader.You can teach an ambitious leader to be a mentor, problem solver, and a better communicator, yet without believing in themselves that leadership is nothing more Han Just a title. Ambitious leaders believe in themselves and the decisions they make which tend to lead to success. Many ambitious leaders are certain that they need to make confident decisions, follow them through and admit when they have made a mistake. The ability to keep an open mind Is an essential quality of ambitious leaders.When a leader Is open-minded they tend to be humble or flexible. An ambitious leader will have a habit of keeping an open mind as a way of all owing new and useful ideas to arise in whatever it is they are doing. Taking in new options being noninsured in that person's decision-making process is what makes an ambitious leader successful. Self-control is a significant aspect ambitious leaders have. Self-control involves managing one's emotions and urges in order to control inappropriate reactions and create energy in a positive way.Ambitious leaders stay calm and perceptive under high stress or during a crisis to ensure that everything runs smoothly. Self-control additionally requires mind-control. One thing ambitious leaders are certain of Is that they need to control their mind or It will end up controlling them, which leads to negative effects on one's leadership. An ambitious leader who demonstrates great self-control possesses a charisma that can encourage passionate devotion from his or her followers.Not everyone is capable of being an ambitious leader. Ambition is an intense The ability to keep an open mind is an esse ntial quality of ambitious leaders. When a leader is open-minded they tend to be humble or flexible. An ambitious additionally requires mind-control. One thing ambitious leaders are certain of is that they need to control their mind or it will end up controlling them, which leads to negative effects on one's leadership. An ambitious leader who demonstrates great.

Should crime prevention be a priority for the criminal justice system Essay

Should crime prevention be a priority for the criminal justice system - Essay Example (Pfeiffer, p 55, 2003) A Research conducted by the Heart Research Associates Inc. on the perception of the public on crime prevention found that majority of the people believed in a more pro-active rather than reactive approach. This research was conducted in the year 2002. But ten years ago, when the public was asked about what they thought about crime prevention, 42% said the criminal justice system should focus on punitive action while 48% supported crime prevention. These statistics have changed drastically with time. In 2002, when a similar research was conducted by the same research company, it was found that 65% of the public believe in dealing with root causes while 32% wanted more severe measures to take precedence in the criminal justice system. The survey also indicated the following preferences. It should be noted that most of the time, there are cases in which people break the law because they have no where else to turn to. Such people normally come from deteriorating neighbourhoods. They feel that there is not much that can be done about their situation and they opt to choose crime as their only means for survival. Most of these criminals normally have very low educational backgrounds. Consequently, their options in the formal employment sector are quite limited. They need to earn a source of livelihood and still have to meet their daily needs. However, the public only offers them temporary jobs that do not pay as much. Some individuals may feel the need to deal with this lack of necessities through crime. Overly, the underlying problem is education, if the government was to invest in education of such criminals then there would be no need to commit crimes and all the other issues will fall into place. (Maguire, p 207-265, 2000) Most criminals commit their crimes because their neighbourhoods make it easy for them to do so. In most Cities, there are certain localities that have been ignored by the governing

Potential careers Icome in crimianal justice positions Essay

Potential careers Icome in crimianal justice positions - Essay Example ("Criminal justice careers," 2013) No matter what you have interest in, be it science, psychology, or art there are careers within criminal justice that will put these skills or talents to use. Two fields’ specific careers that are both, in demand yet are quite different in their focuses and functions. The first is Animal Cruelty Investigator, which is a relatively new addition to the criminal justice training available in the United States. The second field is Crime Scene Investigator, or CSI, a title that is well known because of the success of the television series of the same name. Discussing the two will outline what makes each of these specialties important, relevant, and worthwhile career choices. In this age of illegal dog fighting rings, animal hoarders, and puppy mills Animal Cruelty Investigators are needed to protect and rescue animals within our communities. These investigators actively follow-up on animal abuse/cruelty reports, collect evidence for persecution of owners if warranted, and remove animals from obviously dangerous situations. This is an ideal career for people who have a love for animals, however, it, also, requires the ability to conduct and control oneself in all situations with the public. In other words, you cannot let your love and compassion for animals make you behave inappropriately and unprofessionally in the face of the harsh realities of animal neglect and abuse cases. If one is considering a career in this field then a background in law enforcement is helpful, but not always required. However, it is suggested that working or volunteering at the humane society, local animal shelter, or for a veterinarian would be beneficial.("Criminal justice ca reers," 2013) Crime Scene Investigators, often called forensic examiners, are responsible for evaluating existing evidence at a crime scene, the collecting, securing, packaging, and labeling properly of that evidence for later, further

Historical Figures and their impact on American History Essay

Historical Figures and their impact on American History - Essay Example James Madison: In Focus Being the fourth President of the United States, James Madison has had made his signature over the focal pages of the country’s voluminous biography which unravels into the present day. Moreover, James Madison was said to be the beginning of the exceptional constitutional government of America, which until now, can be felt (Rives 2). As a background, the hero of this story came from Orange County but was born in Port Conway, Virginia on a faithful Wednesday on the 16th of March, 1751. James Madison Sr. was in possession of a substantially organized tobacco plant in their hometown. For a boy who grew up on the state of Virginia, it was only orderly to inherit their father’s labor in the plantations. However, James exhibited great potential even in his youth with a fondness for reading and learning and so they made certain to give their child the proper education (Mattern 13). Then the College of New Jersey, Madison received his schooling from Prin ceton but did so in an impressive and condensed time frame. People of great importance over the nation had already caught a glimpse of the strength that Madison wielded through his contemplation and his statements the same emanation of intellectual competence that his parents saw. He was appointed to form the Virginia Declaration of Rights and took part in the Governor’s Council, Continental Congress as well as the Virginia State Legislature (Vile 7 ). These were the significant moments and occurrences on the life of James Madison that were molding him into the wise engineer of the United States. Probing more of James Madison’s earlier stories would reveal the effects of an upbringing in such a firmly intertwined structure of family and relatives. Even while already on service for the Continental Congress, he could not stay away from his home in Orange County. The place in which he took his first breath into the world would also be the last place he closed his eyes at his age of 85 on June 28, 1836. This special association with his relatives had an effect on his political life as well, as the Madison family was known to have ties with the sheriffs, country lieutenants, justices of the peace and members of the legislature in Virginia (Ketcham 6). Most of his life’s crucial works would be reared from his home state. Living at the period of the American Revolution, he was a pivotal force for its success. His duty was not in the line of battle nor on establishing foreign connections and political negotiations. James Madison was after all a cerebral leader. He went on with his patriotic intentions and concentrated on in the determination of the right kind of government for his country (Mattern 6). After their declaration of independence from Great Britain on the year of 1776, James Madison’s role persisted in creating a better government and in effect, rebuilding a better nation. James Madison had numerous, key contributions for the nat ions. One of the very first is his work of the Virginia report during the year of 1787 which would later be the blueprint for a work with much immensity in a substantial degree of significance--United States Constitution (Kernell 147). Along with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, James Madison wrote â€Å"The Federalist Papers† from 1787 to 1788 in the hopes of the people of United States to embrace their work. The

Examine the impact of the US economic crisis on the caribbean nations Essay

Examine the impact of the US economic crisis on the caribbean nations - Essay Example In the Caribbean region which is highly dependent on tourism, the effects of the financial crisis have been most felt on the tourism industry, which has been the key driving force of the region’s economy from the start of 1990s.This later on, caused ripple effects to be felt on the other sectors of the economy such as health. Caribbean countries have been making significant improvements and developments in health outcomes, but due to the US economic crisis, this progress has been threatened, by the reduction of the potential to invest in health by both government and households (World Bank 2009b, p.1).Even though there is a mixture up in empirical results, many studies show that the adverse effects of economic crisis is most likely to be concentrated in countries and households that are poor. (ibid, p.9). Outcomes in health and financing in health are mostly affected by financial crises in more complex manners. Thus in several countries such as those in the Caribbean regions health and disability funding highly deteriorated during the US economic crisis, however the result is quite sensitive to existing policy measures aimed at mitigating the economic effects of the crisis. Thus quick and effective responses are required from the international bodies and respective governments will be very crucial in protecting of the vulnerable sick and disabled people from the adverse effects of US economic crisis. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact that the US economic crisis had on the health and disabled fraternity in the Caribbean nations. The paper aims at looking at the impact of the US economic crisis on such social indicators as health and those that are afflicted by disability. It will look at the impact that aggregate fluctuations in income has on indicators of human development, particularly concerning health and the disabled. The results indicate that economic crisis had an adverse

The Acceptable Thing about the Evaluation Meeting Case Study - 44

The Acceptable Thing about the Evaluation Meeting - Case Study Example More importantly, Armstrong (2010) stated that evaluations are essential for the development of the employees. This is because, by highlighting the weaknesses of employees, they will initiate actions that will make them improve on these areas of weaknesses. Â  The first inappropriate thing about the evaluation meeting was that it was conducted before the employee had an opportunity to evaluate himself personally, and according to Sandler and Keefe (2003), this act denied the employee an opportunity to reflect upon himself and become accountable for his own actions. In this regard, the manager should have conducted the evaluation meeting after the employee had the opportunity to evaluate himself and identify his own areas strengths and weaknesses. Â  The second inappropriate thing about the evaluation meeting is that it was conducted six weeks after the actual deadline when the company is supposed to conduct an evaluation of the employees. In this regard, it is suggested that the evaluation should have been carried out during the actual dates when the exercise is usually scheduled to take place. Â  Thirdly, the employee was not prepared for the meeting and therefore, he was unable to come up with defenses or justifications on the criticisms that were leveled against him. In this regard, it is suggested that the manager should have given the employee enough time to prepare before conducting the evaluation. Â  

Aging and Ageism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aging and Ageism - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that Janet is has her resilience and ability to adapt to change. Being married to an alcoholic for 35 years greatly affected her and her ability to deal with turbulence and change. She has grown through adversity all of her life and now leads a content lifestyle still pursuing her dreams at age 71. She has taught me that a passion for life, varied interests and a deep desire to help others can create a joyful life.This study outlines that celebrating and recognizing transitions in life has always been important to Janet. At age 60 she was given a crone party where her family and friends took the opportunity to acknowledge her for where she had come from and where she currently was. It was a chance for her to share some of the lessons she has learned as she aged. Janet used the ceremony to release past issues like a smoking habit she quit many years before, menstruation as she had already gone through menopause, her teaching career, her husband, and the rai sing of her children. It was a unique way for friends and family to learn from her experiences as well as honor who for who she had become—and recognize that even though she was now considered at times by society as â€Å"over the hill†, that she had many years of fruitful opportunities still available.  Spirituality has always been a large influence on Janet and her outlook on life. She is deeply religious and believes that her thoughts and actions affect others as well as herself.

Individual Gathering and Evaluating Information Essay Example for Free

Individual Gathering and Evaluating Information Essay List the APA reference citation for the source. Determine the credibility of the source. Consider the following criteria: What is the purpose and affiliation of the organization or author related to the article? What are the author’s credentials? Is the information current? When was the information last updated? Does the information cross-reference with other sources? Does the source contain bias without evidence to support the claim? Explain in at least two to four sentences what information you can gather from this source. Source (formatted consistent with APA guidelines)What makes the source credible or noncredible? What information can you gather from this source? Curfman, G. D., Morrissey, S., Drazen, J. M. (2013). Affirmative action in the balance. The New England Journal of Medicine, 368(1), 73-4. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1266235513?accountid=458 What impact the outcome may play on school admissions. Hu, H. (2012). Debate over affirmative action in college admissions continues. Diverse Issues in Higher Education, 29(19), 8. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1117362730?accountid=458 This article has been peer reviewed for credibility.Another perspective of Fisher vs. University of Texas. The role NACAC plays in admissions to schools. Julia S. Jordan-Zachery, Richard Seltzer, Responses to affirmative action: Is there a question order affect?, The Social Science Journal, Volume 49, Issue 2, June 2012, Pages 119-126, ISSN 0362-3319, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2011.08.012. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362331911001169) This article has been peer reviewed for credibility.This source will be used to show the public’s response of Affirmative Action, and its varying degrees. This source also has great experimental results that can be incorporated. Fullinwider, Robert, Affirmative Action, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2011/entries/affirmative-action/ This source is from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.This source will be utilized for various information since it covers many topics. This source will also be used to explain the beginning of affirmative action. American Association for Affirmative Action. (2013, July). American Association for Affirmative Action. Retrieved from American Association for Affirmative Action: www.affirmativeaction.org The American Association for Affirmative Action is the association of professionals managing affirmative action, equal opportunity, diversity and other human resource programs.This source will be used to explain AAAA and its role in Affirmative Action. Illustrate any current legislative cases that may be happening. †¢What strategies did you use to gather reliable information for your research paper? Affirmative action has many policies about race, color, religion, and/or sex. In essence affirmative action is equal opportunity, not only in a work environment but also admissions. Looking at search results gave way to sub topics. In order to write a streamlined paper a subtopic will be the focus of this paper. The subtopic will need to be relevant and current. When having a relevant and current topic, there must me multiple credible sources to back up the information on that topic. Searching through the University of Phoenix Library yielded many positive results on the topic of Fisher vs. the University of Texas. This outcome of this case could change the course of affirmative action when it comes to admission into school. This is a historical case of today’s time, similar to many landmark cases from the civil rights movements of the 1960’s. The sources that are to be used will be from peer reviewed articles or websites that are the authority on this topic. †¢What other strategies might you use? Provide a rationale for your choices. Other strategies that will be used through this paper will include a devil’s advocate approach. When talking about affirmative action there are two groups, those in favor and those against. The goal of this essay is to explain the reasons behind both groups’ arguments and allow the reader to make their own decision. All information will be relevant data. The question that will need to be answered â€Å"is affirmative action still needed today?† By illustrating both viewpoints the reader should have enough base information to research more. Once they have research more on their own they will be able to formulate an answer. This essay will give the reader a start of materials to research, and may have those asking questions never before thought of. The word count associated with this essay does not allow the author to get too far into detail on such a vast topic.

IKEA Franchising Strategy

IKEA Franchising Strategy IKEA is an international home furniture company that selling the wide ranges of well-designed and functional products which packed in form of ready-to-assemble. According to IKEA (2012), its business is founded in 1943 by 17 years old Ingvar Kamprad in Sweden. The headquarter company of IKEA is placed in Delft, Netherlands. With the time turned, furniture retailer IKEA becomes one of successful companies around the world and has ability to take advantage of globalization. Therefore, now IKEA has 325 stores in 38 countries in which 287 stores in 26 countries is wholly owned INGKA Holding (non-for-profit corporation) and the remaining 38 stores are run by franchisees which under Dutch company (for-profit corporation) (n.a, 2012). INGKA Holding is parent company of Dutch company. The largest stores around the world are placed in China, German and Sweden (IKEA, 2012). The IKEA business is developed starting with home selling and then turn to become international nowadays. Originally, IKEA only sold small home accessories and trinkets products in its home, Sweden. Until 1948, IKEA began to design its own furniture products and sold in low price with high quality (Ellis, 2010). The process of business development is from home selling the products, open a retail store in Almhult town, Sweden (1958), then develop a larger retail outlet in Norway (1963). In 2012, IKEA committees plan to develop a wholly-own subsidiary corporate in India countries after did the market investigation. Currently, majority of IKEA stores are wholly owned and managed by INGKA Holding (also known as Stichting INGKA Foundation). The wholly owned subsidiary strategy explain that majority of stores operations, management, its furniture design and manufacture are overseen by INGKA Holding. For the case, IKEA has long eyed the retail market in India, now plan to invest  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬900 million to create a wholly own subsidiary in India (Kinetz, 2012). On the other hand, IKEA also implements the franchising strategy in some countries to manage minority stores. The franchisees who allowed using IKEAs concept and trademark to run business have to pay 3% of revenue back. Since the culture and value is different in every country, IKEA committees evaluate the countrys local market and its future expansion opportunities before go in. For the future expansion, we suggest that IKEA should take joint venture strategy as business expansion strategy in India country. Joint venture is a good strategy to assist a company enters into a different cultural market. As an example, Wal-Mart knew nothing about Asian retail market, they choose entered into Hong Kong via joint venture with Thai conglomerate (Neelima Mahajan-Bansal, 2012). Second recommendation we suggest to IKEA is using wholly owned subsidiary to enter Brazil. The reason we choose Brazil as another target market because it has stability of political economy environment which can reduce various risk of business (n.a., 2011). IKEA also can take the advantage of Brazil since there has full of high quality woods as the resource for business (n.a., 2011). 2.0 Current Expansion Strategy Wholly owned Subsidiaries IKEA use wholly owned subsidiary as their main expansion. The IKEA corporate structure is divided in to two parts which are operating and franchising. Most of the IKEAs operations practices are overseen and managed by INGKA Holding B.V. INGKA Holding B.V is wholly owned by Stichting INGKA Foundation, a non-profit registered in Leiden in the Netherlands which is controlled by the Kamprad family (IKEAFANS, 2009). In year 2011, there are IKEA stores in 38 countries operating around the world such as United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Netherland, France, Russia, Saudi Arabia, China, Malaysia, Australia, and etc. There are 287 stores run by the INGKA Holding B.V and the remaining 38 stores are run by franchisees (Inter IKEA Group, n.d.). IKEA can either set up new operation in the country or can acquire an established firm in the host nation and use that firm to promote its promote its product as long as IKEA own 100 percent ownership of the stock. Habitat Retail Ltd. is a household furnishings retailer in the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Spain and in the year of 1992, IKEA acquired Habitats UK and French chain with about pound 55m to expand their business (Moore. J, 1992). IKEA own all of their buildings and land, and stores are custom built and designed for efficiency and sales potential. In order to do that, IKEA do not cut back investment in retail stores. (Deniz, Marco Art, 2012) The main purpose of the IKEA use this expansion strategies is to ensure operational control, standardization, and provide a smooth entry into to a new market. The attractive way to use wholly owned subsidiaries is where IKEA can reduces the risk of losing control over their core competence and its concept. This expansion strategies give IKEA have the full control over operation practices such as marketing, logistics and decision in different countries to meet their standard. In addition, all the profits will go to IKEA due to having full control on every operation. It is necessary for them engaging in global strategic coordination. Wholly owned subsidiaries also required IKEA to realize location and experience curve economies (Hill et. al., 2011). This which means, IKEA able to achieve economic of scale by manufacture more products and reduce the average cost of products (Hill et. al., 2011). Indirectly, this also fulfill the IKEA porter generic strategies which is cost leadership. However, wholly owned subsidiary strategy is highly expensive choice for company that would lead to severe financial risk if not successful. IKEA have to bear the full costs and high risk by themselves of setting up the factories, stores and retail shops operations in other nations (Hill, et. al., 2011). Japan was the first country in Asia that IKEA considered to enter in 1970s during their expansion to the international market. Their first entry to Japan market was in 1974 (n.a, 2008). Due to the differences between culture, lifestyle and behavior lead to IKEA face the failure and they had to withdraw their store out of Japan. However, IKEA decided to re-enter the market in 2002. This time IKEA conducted a thorough study of the markets and understand their requirement (Alexandra, 2009). At present, there are five IKEA stores in Japan, last of which was opened in year 2011(Inter IKEA Group, n.d.). Besides that, there are political risks of entering in to the market wholly in the form of nationalisation threats or corruption and bribery (Back et. al., 2010).   Recently in year 2009, there have been issues about corruption in the opening of retail store in Russia (n.a., 2011). It has been held by safely officials requests for payments and IKEA is refusing to so. Thus, IKEA has ended up by would not build more stores outside the Moscow region until Russian officials stop withholding permission and freeze expansions on Russia (n.a., 2011). Franchising Strategy The IKEA concept which bring IKEA franchise worldwide is belong to the Inter IKEA System B.V in Netherlands. Inter IKEA Systems B.V is the franchisor and it is the owner of the IKEA concept and trademark (IKEAFANS, 2009). The franchisees have the right to operate IKEA store under the franchise agreements in accordance with franchisors systems and methods to use IKEA trademarks establish by Inter IKEA Systems B.V(Inter IKEA Group, n.d.). Besides, IKEA franchisees able to access to the product range of IKEA and opportunity to continuously take part in IKEA concept development in their own stores. (Inter IKEA Group, n.d.). Then, IKEA franchisee has its own responsibilities to manage, develop and run their local market business with efforts after granting the rights of IKEA concept. The main concept of IKEA want to expand its market by implement franchising is due to the objective of Inter IKEA Systems B.V.. According to the objective of Inter IKEA Systems B.V., its objective is to increase the availability of IKEA products through world-wide franchising the IEKA concept (IKEAFANS, 2009). So, this encourages the IKEA wanted to create infinity for IKEA through franchising. Besides, the decisive factors for IKEA to franchise for long-term approach are due to its ownership structure and total independence in furniture market (Inter IKEA Group, n.d.). Thus, IKEA bring out the franchising method so that it can secure an infinite life for the IKEA concept when the different companies in different countries able to build the resources needed to expand global under IKEA concept (Inter IKEA Group, n.d.). Moreover, the franchisor, Inter IKEA Systems B.V. acts role to perform some important tasks such as expand IKEA business, improve and develop IKEA concepts, transfer know-how of IKEA to its retailers, monitor IKEA concept implementation and protect IKEA concept (Inter IKEA Group, n.d.). Currently, total of 38 IKEA franchisees are located over 11 countries. The countries with IKEA franchisee included 2 stores in United Arab Emirates, one stores in Kuwait, 3 stores in Saudi Arabia, 2 stores in Australia, 7 stores in China Taiwan, one stores in Cyprus, 5 stores in Greece, 3 stores in Malaysia and Singapore, 5 stores in Turkey, one stores in Iceland, 2 stores in Israel, 1 stores in Dominican Republic and 4 stores in Spain (Inter IKEA Group, n.d.). Franchises strategy not only provide the firm with high control of brand and strategy, but it is also a low financial investment risk and enabling the company to benefit from local knowledge (Back, Andrew Sparapani, 2010). Furthermore, some benefits can be able to gain through franchising by IKEA. For instance, it can earn extra source of income in term of loyalty and franchise fees since it franchises its retail stores located over 38 countries. The franchisees who allowed to use the concept and trademarks of IKEA is necessary to pay 3% of revenue earn to Inter IKEA Systems B.V annually (IKEAFANS, 2009). So, this intentionally provides other cash inflow for the IKEA. Although by using franchising strategy, IKEA can relief of many of the cost and risk of opening a foreign market (Hill Hernà ¡ndez-Requejo, 2011). However, this could make IKEA difficult to control the standards and quality where some franchisees may not concerned about these issues. This could be happened and hard to detect due to the geographic distance between franchisees and main franchisor. This might lead to affect consumer views of IKEAs product if the standards of products are not standardize in its own country compare with the IKEA main stores. 3.0 Future Expansion Strategy Joint Venture to Enter into India Market Joint venture is suitable for IKEA to enter into India Market. It refers to the set up of a new company that is jointly owned by two or more participants (Hill Hernà ¡ndez-Requejo 2011). Each partner must have something special and important such as knowledge, skill, and capital to offer the venture and simultaneously provide a source of gain to the other participants.  The reason for enter into India market is India furniture retail market has been classified by CSIL Milano as one of the 14 largest furniture markets in the world with the worth of US$8 billion and is growing at 30% annually (n.a., 2012). The second reason is that the furniture industry in India is highly unorganized. Nearly 85% of the home furnishing industry is in the unorganized sector and remaining 15% is in the organized sector which included domestic players and also imports (n.a., 2009). The reason to use joint venture is due to the government policy in inviting foreign company to invest in India. According to past policy in India, foreign firms can only own up to 51 percent of joint venture (Sharma Hansegard, 2012). The policy has changed last year by allows some retailers to own 100% of their Indian units. After the change of policy, IKEA have applied for permission to invest into India. However, the result of permission still has not come out. IKEA should not realize on the permission of the wholly own subsidiary given by the local government. If government reject its application, is it IKEA will not enter into the one of the 14 largest furniture markets in the world? There are many successful example of joint venture or cooperative between foreign furniture companies with local company in India today. Arrital Cucine, an Italian furniture company sells its products in India through its Indian partner, Overseas Connexions while the Germany company, Wilhelm Bolt C o. has a technical agreement with Arvind furniture to produce furniture at India (Mukherjee Patel, 2005). There is no time for IKEA to waste as they should quickly enter into India market through joint venture with local company to set up its manufacturing plants and also sell its product around the India. Culture is an important aspect that multinational company should consider before take an action to enter into a specific country (Hill et. al, 2011). Indian culture and their home decoration style are different from western country. Consumers may not accept the western design furniture as they are used to purchase traditional design of furniture which suit to their culture. Thus, set up a joint venture with local firm is a better way to doing business in India and hence can reduce the risk of failure. The difference of culture can directly affect the way how a business operates in that country. The experience of IKEA in China should be take note. Although there is a rapid increase in the number of visitors and sales volume in China, IKEA had yet to make a profit in China. IKEA showed local consumers new home decoration concepts using its various products but Chinese consumers do not accept it (Li Xu, 2007). IKEA have 25 years of procurement experience in China but yet still cannot understand deeply about the Chinese culture and consumers living style, preferences and taste. Thus, before set up its own retail store in India, they should make a deeply study on the local market. Joint venture with local company can bring more valuable information and knowledge for IKEA. IKEA can build relationship with local suppliers, distributors, and media. They can get the data and information form the joint venture firm. Besides that, cooperation with local branded company can quickly promote its brand name into consumers mind. Who should IKEA select to cooperative is crucial. Durian, Furniturewala, Zuari, Renaissance, Furniture Concepts, Millenium Lifestyles, are some of the key players in Indian furniture industry. Local company who can provide marketing expertise, local knowledge, have strong relationship with government, suppliers and distributors should be consider as they can provide many benefit to IKEA for their future operating its own subsidiary in India (Hill et. al, 2011). Besides that, good reputation and image of the local company also is one of the aspects to be considered for cooperative. Company with good reputation can bring IKEA into local market and also consumers mind easily. In contrast, cooperative with company possess bad reputation will straightly harm IKEA brand name and thus being bookmark as poor image company in consumers mind. Thus, companies mentioned above are the best local company for cooperation. According to IKEA Company, the requirement of purchase at least 30% of goods from local small and medium size enterprise under the new policy will remain a challenge for the company (Sharma etc. 2012). Thus, direct investment may not be a best strategy as they are not familiar with local business and industry. Until now, they still cannot truly build the supply chain network in India, so how are they going to set up its own retail store and run the business by themselves. Thus, when should they enter into India? If they do seriously consider the joint venture strategy, they should enter into India 1 or 2 year ago. With joint venture with local firm, IKEA can quickly access to local suppliers through the network of the local company and operate its business smoothly. The growing of furniture industry in India is due to two reasons, Indias large size and Indian tastes have started changed and Indian people are looking for more western furniture style (n.a., 2010). The market attractiv eness is not a problem and it is a chance to take the advantage for establishes its own retail store in coming year. As conclusion, due to local government policy, cultural difference, and also local business network, IKEA should use joint venture as entry mode to enter into India. This action enables them to build up a strong base for future expansion. Wholly Owned Subsidiary to Enter into Brazil IKEA needs to expand the business by entering into new foreign markets in order to ensure the companys future growth. We recommend IKEA can enter into Brazil in South America by considering the wholly owned subsidiary strategy. IKEA have entered into Europe, Asia, North America, Middle East and Caribbean but have yet entered into South America (IKEA, 2012). Two of the mandatory requirements for IKEA to move into Brazil are that the host country must be a member of the World Trade Organisation and a signatory to the agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) (Back et.al., 2011). The reason we choose to enter into Brazilian market because of the stable political economy factors. Political factors, economic factors, demand factors are factors that will influenced the potential attractiveness of a foreign markets (Hill et al., 2011). The Brazilian economys entered into a stable growth stage after the recovery form financial crisis in 2008. Besides that, Brazil estimated to grow 4.0% in 2012 and the economy is expected will rises from the seventh worlds largest to the fifth within next few years (n.a., 2011). Comparing with other countries in South America, Brazil has the highest Market Potential Index (MPI) (n.a., 2011). As a result, Brazils economy is the best that all of other countries in South America (CIA, 2012). Since domestic savings are not sufficient to sustain long-term growth rates, Brazil is currently encourages foreign direct investment (FDI) and it is the largest recipient of foreign direct investment in South America (n.a., 2011). The entry of IK EA can increase the employment rate of Brazil and increase the revenue of government. Furthermore, IKEA may exploit the market of South America by grabbing this opportunity. Furthermore, the furniture and furnishings sales in Brazil has grown by 5% in 2009 to reach over R$18 billion (U$ 555,435,224.08) and expected continue to grow in the next few years (Ong, Ng and Wu, 2010). This indicated that the demands of consumers are increasing and providing the opportunity for business to grow. IKEA expand into the Brazil market would form early market entry because it enters first into South America markets before other foreign firms. According to Lieberman and Montgomery (1988), the advantages of first mover are the ability to pre-empt rivals, capture demand by building s strong brand name, rides the learning curve ahead of rivals and the ability to create switching costs that tied customers into their products and services. For example, Walmart entered into the China market as early mover, which gained the ability to pre-empt rivals and capture early demand and still dominating the market over the late over Tesco (Waldmeir, 2010). IKEA has experienced as an early mover into the markets in the past. The company has entry into Canada markets in 1976, USA in 1985 and China in 1998 (IKEA, 2012). Thus, IKEA have the advantages of pre-empt rivals and riding the learning curve ahead of its rivals. However, IKEA also suffered from the pioneering costs when they realised of the need for localisation of its American product range (Back et al., 2011). The reasons IKEA failed in the Japanese markets was because IKEA lack of readiness for the Japanese market and lack of readiness of Japanese consumers for IKEAs do-it-yourself concept  (Wijers-Hasegawa 2006). Consequently, IKEA need to beware that riding the learning curve can be a long ride if the market is not ready to adapt the products. We suggest IKEA use wholly owned subsidiary because there are around 16,000 furniture companies in Brazil and most are family owned companies. There are few key domestic players included Florense, Brazil Furniture Group, and others. The furniture market is keep growing and there is yet well known and large furniture company emerge in the market. (Evans, 2012). Thus, the furniture market in Brazil is still unexplored by multinational furniture company. Thus, a well known brand name is easily discover by the market and the consumer when large company entering into that industry. IKEA, a world famous furniture company, have the competency to entering into furniture industry in Brazil and create strong brand image to the entire furniture market easily. As there are many small furniture companies, it is easily for IKEA to enter and dominate the Brazils market. The worlds largest rainforest, The Amazon, is located in Brazil. Thus, Brazil has abundance of high quality woods as the raw material for IKEA produce high quality furniture to consumers. This is the main reason for IKEA to use the wholly owned subsidiary to entry into Brazil. Besides that, the labour cost in Brazil is cheap compared to Europe and America (n.a., 2011). In other words, Brazil has significant comparative advantages compared to others exporting countries because it has excellent quality of raw materials at low costs and flexible labor (n.a., 2004). Wholly owned subsidiary can enable IKEA gain full control over the businesss operations which will also lower the brand risk in the same time (Back et.al., 2011). By wholly owned subsidiary, IKEA can get 100 percent profits that generated in Brazil. Besides that, by adapting wholly owned subsidiary, IKEA can gain the ability to realize location and experience economics as the company is adopting transnational strategy (Hill et. at., 2011). Thus, IKEA can make full decisions to produce products that are customized to the local customer wants and needs. In the South America Context, Brazil is the most preferred country for investment. Entering into South America market is an imported step of the IKEAs globalization strategy. 4.0 Conclusion In conclusion, we knew that IKEA is a very successful worldwide home furniture company. But, they are also facing franchising control management problem due to geographic distance. If franchises do not operate well in the current market, this will affect IKEAs reputation. They tend to reduce this problem by using wholly owned subsidiaries for expansion. This strategy also not very well for IKEA because full control over their competence and its concepts but instead increasing the risks for entry the market due to cultural conflict. We can see that IKEA was failure to entry in Japan before due to diff culture, lifestyle and purchasing behavior. So, we recommended that joint venture is suitable for IKEA to further expand. This strategy can reduce risk for entry and for better handle the market culture and policy. The joint venture that enable IKEA cooperative with those company that fulfill marketing expertise, local knowledge and skill and the most important factor is have strong relationship with government. These benefits encourage IKEA enable to operating well in the specific country. A successful company should analyze all the variables that will lead to failure before enter into a specific market. Although this strategy has occurs some problem and risk but compare to previous strategies, this strategy is better for IKEA sustainable development. Furthermore, cooperative with well known company will also increase IKEA reputation and influence local consumer purchasing behavior. Finally, a very successful company will not stop growing their business and finding the ways that lead to further expansion. They must know well their limit and beat all the deadlines. IKEA has put a lot of efforts on developing their business that strengthen capacity for further expansion. Consequently, they should use joint venture strategy to expand in other countries. The more understanding other countries culture, lifestyle and behavior, the closer the gaps for success.

Fire in Hinduism, Christianity, and Judaism :: Papers

Fire in Hinduism, Christianity, and Judaism Fire has the capacity to burn everything, and that is why in Hinduism it is can be described by the god Agni. Agni seems to be the creator of everything: "It is Agni, who showers rain, has covered earth with the sky; and O Agni! It is you, who are the creator of everything". Then again Braham can be seen as being the fire in Hinduism, since he is the Supreme Lord. Fire symbolizes the brilliance of the lord; it is purifying; and it stands for effulgence and illumination. It is said that "Braham is Jyotirmaya (full of light)." There exists the Vedic fire ceremony performed by Hindus at all major events of life including birth and coming of age ceremonies, weddings, and funerals, as well as on all major religious holidays. Common to all branches of Hinduism, the fire ceremony is very important in the lives of many Hindus. The god Shiva is surrounded by a circle of firerepresenting samsara, the endless cycle of death and re-birth. The dance of fire is symbolic of the frenetic movement of the universe. In Christianity, fire is used to move from evil to good. It is one of the most expressive and most ancient of the liturgical symbols. The sun as a principle of heat and light for the earth is a symbol of the divinity that enlightens and warms humanity. The following is a prayer relating God with fire: "Lord God, Almighty Father, inextinguishable light, Who hast created all light, bless this light sanctified and blessed by thee, Who has enlightened the whole world; make us enlightened by the light and inflamed with the fire of Thy Brightness; and as Thou didst enlighten Moses when he went out of Egypt, so illuminate our hearts and senses that we may attain life and light everlasting through Christ out Lord. Amen." (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06079a.htm) God is always represented with fire, usually with a lit candle. Fire is mentioned in the New Testament, in Luke 3:16, "John answered all of

The Feminine Religious Experience in Victorian Times Essay -- Victoria

The Feminine Religious Experience: Beyond the â€Å"Angel in the House† The conception of the Victorian woman as the pious repository for her family's stockpile of religiosity consistently permeates contemporary notions of the gender roles of the era. However, the idealized role of the â€Å"angel in the house† was often simply that - an ideal rather than a reality. Women's involvement in religion and spirituality varied widely based on class and level of devotion. Though the majority of women's religious duty consisted of assisting charitable works sponsored by parishes (Heeney 330), women were also employed as local missionaries. The era also witnessed the revival of the convent as an alternative avenue for women of all classes. For the Victorian-era upper middle class family of the Pagets of London, the women received a Christian education in terms of learning the Bible and reciting psalms. In adulthood they fulfilled their Christian duty by volunteering for and donating to various charities for the poor and/or feeble-minded (Peterson 692) However, the private letters of the Paget women often indicate that their helping the poor was not inspired by an altruistic love of all God's creatures, as the â€Å"angel the house† myth would lead one to believe. Instead these were societal obligations, on par with social calls to friends: Catherine Paget wrote â€Å"I spent the morning seeing poor people, the afternoon calling on rich ones.† (Peterson 706) Lydia Paget also wrote, â€Å"†¦I always go with such reluctance to visit the poor people under our care; when I once get amongst them I quite enjoy myself, but on setting out I feel inclined to bend my steps in any other direction rather than th e right.† (Peterson 706) Beyond charity work, women also... ...t beyond embodying the moral and spiritual core of the family. Works Cited Heeney, Brian. â€Å"Women's Struggle for Professional Work and Status in the Church of England, 1900-1930.† The Historical Journal 26 (1983): 329-47. JSTOR. University of Florida Lib., Gainesville, FL. 8 Nov. 2004. Peterson, M. Jeanne. â€Å"No Angels in the House: The Victorian Myth and the Paget Women.† The American Historical Review 26 (1984): 677-708. JSTOR. University of Florida Lib., Gainesville, FL. 8 Nov. 2004. Roden, Frederick S. â€Å"Sisterhood is Powerful: Christina Rossetti's Maude.† Women of Faith in Victorian Culture. Ed. Hogan, Anne and Andrew Bradstock. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998. 63-77.

Summary of Hannah Arendts Ideology and Terror: a Novel Form of Governm

In her excerpt "Ideology and Terror: A Novel Form of Government" from her book The Origins of Totalitarianism, Hannah Arendt reveals that terror is at the core of a totalitarian government, and that this terror is based upon ideology. This type of terror exceeds fear. Totalitarianism dominated many governments during the twentieth century. Unlike other forms of government that oppress its people; a totalitarian form of government escapes the boundaries of definition. A totalitarian government is commonly mistaken as a tyranny or dictatorship. Arendt explains that this is because it must begin as a tyranny to lift the boundaries of the laws. Arendt uses two particular governments as examples to help clarify the nature of a totalitarian government; fascist Germany and communist Russia. According to Arendt, the totalitarianism that rose in Germany was based upon the ideology of racism. It was propagated by Hitler and enforced by the Nazi regime. This form of totalitarianism led to the ultimate form of terror: human cruelty and death. Arendt compares that in communist Russi...

Civil Liberties, Personal Freedoms, and US Law Enforcement Essay

Americans would like to believe that they have freedoms that are available to people in no other country on earth. In a very real way, this statement is true. We are free to criticize the people who govern us in a manner unavailable in most countries, without expecting retribution. Public access is available to many, if not most government buildings. The American process of governing is relatively transparent. All of these things have created a great expectation of freedom, or at least liberty, in this country. And yet, the nature of liberty and freedom, as well as how these thing interact with law enforcement, are not well understood by many Americans. Freedom vs. Liberty Although the concepts of liberty and freedom are related, they are not the same. The United States of America, as noted above, allows many kinds of freedom. There is freedom â€Å"from† things, such as absolute government control of lives and freedom â€Å"to† things, as in freedom to choose a school or a career, rather than having such a thing assigned. Freedom consists of the ability to move about at will, personal liberty, and civil liberty. In philosophical terms, freedom is the â€Å"power to exercise choice and make decisions without constraint from within or without; autonomy, self-determination (â€Å"freedom,† n. d. ). Although liberty is used as part of the definition of freedom, they are not identical concepts. Liberty, however, is freedom from such things as outside control in an individual’s personal choices, from captivity, and â€Å"freedom from arbitrary or despotic government or control† (â€Å"liberty, n. d. †). It can be seen, then, that of the freedoms that Americans expect to have are composed of both freedom–the freedom to†Ã¢â‚¬â€œand liberty–the â€Å"freedom from. Without civil liberties, Americans would find themselves facing an increased number of forcible actions from their own government, as well as potential attempts to infringe upon those liberties from outside. Americans and Civil Liberties Americans have always taken their civil liberties seriously. State seals and mottos refer to liberty. The New Jersey state motto is â€Å"Liberty and Prosperity,† while text on the Massachusetts Great Seal once read, â€Å"By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty. † Patriotic songs refer to the nation as being the â€Å"sweet land of Liberty. From the beginning, then it can be assumed that Americans have expected â€Å"freedom from,† liberty, particularly freedom from tyranny. In today’s world, the concept of tyranny can take many forms. Racial profiling is often considered to be one form of tyranny, although it is not always simple to assess when it occurs (Barkan, 2005). Research from the Institute for Public Policy and Social Research [IPPSR] indicates that Americans largely favor the protection of civil liberties, even when responding after a crisis. However, the degree to which people are willing to accept changes to policies that affect civil liberty will vary based on race and ethnicity, political ideology, the area in which they live, and more (ISPPR, 2002). One significant influence on whether these changes should occur is that of trust in law enforcement (ISPPR, 2002). According to xxxx (2002): citizens with low trust in local law enforcement give 6. 7 (out of 8) pro-civil liberties responses, while citizens with moderate trust give 5. 4 pro-civil liberties responses, and citizens with high trust give only 4. 7 pro-civil liberties responses. p. 4) These findings are significant to this paper in that the lack of trust in local law enforcement seems as if it is often both the cause and the result of the effects of policing on the community. If people have contact with policing agencies that allows them freedom to do something, then they feel comfortable with the amount of civil liberty that they have and may consider adjustments to that liberty. If individuals in a society feel as if they already have little freedom, then they will necessarily feel as if the amount policing that is permitted should not vary, at least not by increasing it. New Policing† The methods for policing seem to be changing worldwide, shifting from public policing to private policing. These changes seem to be occurring primarily in democratic societies, which have looser control over individuals’ lives. According to Ashcroft (2001), democratic governments can accommodate diverse centers of power, whereas authoritarian regimes cannot. Democratization facilitates restructuring by providing political space into which it can grow. As political pluralism increases, so too do the auspices that want to share responsibility for policing. (p. 28) Why, then, are democratic nations more difficult to police than others might be? The answer appears above: authoritarian regimes maintain control of their citizens by coercion and force, which does not permit decentralized policing of their nations. They do not have the freedom from, not in many capacities, and for this reason their citizens are not at liberty to act or to decide what changes that the government that can affect their lives. ecause they do not have the freedoms â€Å"from† that Americans have, the government can decide what police actions must be taken, when they will be taken, and what form these actions will take. The reason that Americans are so shocked by such events as the Kent State actions, the actions taken at Ruby Ridge or those taken against the Branch Davidians, is that they appear to be so totalitarian. Americans expect better of their le aders and respond with words that indicate they feel betrayed and, sometimes, those betrayed feelings result in votes being withheld. Democratic nations are so difficult to police because their policing mechanisms are so diverse and are so dispersed. In addition, actions taken against the citizens require a reason and a precedent, unlike policing actions in authoritarian or totalitarian states, which need no apparent precedent to act. Conclusion Democratic nations require balance between the citizens, their government, and their policing agencies. Citizens must feel that they have value and that they are safe from unprecedented police actions, even from their own government. Such nations are difficult to police because only authoritarian nations is it possible to have access to the â€Å"easy† method of policing that involves force. While it is not impossible even for a democratic nation to have policing actions that involve force, they incite comment because they are unusual and frequently cause outrage. Policing a democratic nation is difficult because democracy is hard. To accept policing that negatively affects either freedom or liberty–or both–results in a nation that has fewer civil liberties, as well.

Impact of Peers and School in Middle Childhood Essay

Middle childhood is a stage in growth where the members age between six and twelve years. Sigmund Freud defines this as the latency stage where aggressive and sexual urges are introverted. Others theorists have highlighted this stage as very crucial in the development of personality, cognitive skills, inter-personal relationships and motivation. Furthermore, it is at this growth stage that peers and school have great impacts, either positive or negative, to the individual. Schools do promote the children’s competence and self-esteem since they are enthusiastic to learn and work. This enthusiasm plays a great role since it acts as a motivating factor. Due to their development in competence in social and interpersonal relationships as aforesaid, they also undergo an experience in peer orientation. If they interact with the best peers, they create a strong foundation for future adult rapports that will be healthy. The diverse relationships may lead to increased violence in schools, drug use, depression and eating disorders that negatively affect the students in the upper elementary education (Blume & Zembar, 2007). In schools, the children also learn and develop interests in other co-curricular activities such as sports, arts and music. However, as they grow, the necessary skills for achieving success in academics tend to become more sophisticated. Those who overcome these challenges end up being academic conquerors but those who are overwhelmed perform poorly in the subsequent years. One’s family at this growth stage also plays an important role especially in socialization. The parents, for instance, have the responsibility to make negotiation with the socialization agents on behalf of the child. This kind of socialization that is family-based is directly linked with the child’s deviance, either in the current life or in the future. It may lead to the child indulging in alcoholism, aggression or delinquency. However, through various reinforcement and disciplinary methodologies, the parents teach their middle-aged children on the behaviors to adopt and those to refrain from (Collins, 1984). Academically, parents motivate their children to be performers. This influences them to embrace reading and more often than not, require them to come out directly from school.

The Applied Management Project Education Essay

This faculty should be completed at the terminal of the taught portion of your programme. It is assumed that you have successfully completed the first two semesters of survey and hence have a thorough appreciation of the taught elements of the programme. You will be expected to pull on the acquisition that you have achieved in the taught faculties. The Applied Management Project is the concluding assessed piece of work of the Masterss ‘ programme. It is designed to imitate a realistic direction state of affairs, giving you the chance to show your ability to utilize the cognition and accomplishments acquired through the taught component of the class. The intent is to convey together the taught elements of the programme, re-enforcing their relationships enabling you to travel from the apprehension of a distinct cognition base to synthesizing and researching new countries in more item. It simulates the working environment where persons are invariably required to unite cognition in different ways and increase their understanding in different countries. The AMP gives you the chance to show your cognition and apprehension of concern. The purposes of this faculty are to enable you to take the cognition apprehension and accomplishments you have been developing in single faculties and utilize them in a complex, multifunctional state of affairs. explicate a job place information demands retrieve information synthesise information bring forth originative solutions bring forth a well argued and supported study in response to the job identified work efficaciously in a group work efficaciously in a clip constrained state of affairs reflect on the acquisition achieved through the procedure It is the vehicle through which you as a Masterss pupils can demo that you are able to work at Masters degree every bit defined in the University ‘s degree M form: Students ‘should be working within complex, unpredictable and usually specialised Fieldss demanding advanced work which involves researching the current bounds of cognition ‘ .2. How it worksYou must organize groups of 8 to get down the work. You may take your ain groups to work with, but the duty is yours. Each group should incorporate pupils from the same award programme although pupils of â€Å" Business and Management † may take to work with any other group, or may organize a group within their ain programme. You will be given a concern scenario, together with a little figure of chosen articles to read. This battalion of information will consist a job, issue or country of probe. The undertaking of your squad is to make up one's mind on the issues, formulate the job and place information demands to cover with the issues identified. We call this â€Å" Enquiry Based Learning † as you will be set uping yourselves exactly what to look into. Your group will so put out to roll up the information that you have identified as necessary. You should portion the information between the group members, as it is intended that the research procedure will be extended. Following aggregation of the informations by the group, you will compose a 12,000 words ( A ± 5 % ) study. This MAIN REPORT is INDIVIDUAL. Students are expected to utilize the information gathered by the group to supply an single analysis of the job and appropriate actions to cover with it. It may be that you provide a solution to the job or that you merely analyze the dimensions of the job. Alongside the completion of the chief study, you must bring forth an single brooding study of 3000 words ( A ± 5 % ) . This brooding analysis will look at the procedure of the undertaking. You should be self analytical every bit good as critical of your group.3. Module TimetableFor Health and Safety grounds the category will be divided into four cohorts by class.Cohort ACohort BCohort CCohort DInternational BusinessBusiness & A ; Management ( general )SellingFinanceLogisticssE-BusinessInformation SystemsSports & A ; LeisureEntrepreneurshipMonday [ 15th of June ]TimeRoomActivityCoachCohort9.30 – 10.45 A004, Park Square Introduction to the Module Vincent Ong and Peter Patrick ALL cohorts 10.45 – 11.00 Interruption 11.00 – 13.00 A004 What is contemplation and why is it relevant? Rob Carman ALL cohorts 13.00 – 14.00 Lunch ( You are on your ain! Please return quickly! ) 14.00 – 15.00 A004 Sourcing relevant information and citing it. Alan Bullimore & A ; Peter Godwin, Academic Liaison Librarian ALL cohorts 15.00 – 16.30 A004 Formation of groups and allotment of subjects Vincent Ong and Peter Patrick ALL cohortsTuesday [ 16th of June ]TimeRoomActivityCoachCohort9.30 – 12.30 Business Pod 1 ( J103 ) Work on undertaking in groups/ library Sessionss Business School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort AInternational Business Business Pod 3 ( J303 ) Work on undertaking in groups/ library Sessionss Business School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort BBusiness & A ; Management ( general ) Selling 13.30 – 16.30 Business Pod 1 ( J103 ) Work on undertaking in groups/ library Sessionss Business School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort CFinance Business Pod 3 ( J303 ) Work on undertaking in groups/ library Sessionss Business School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort DLogisticss E-Business Information Systems Sports & A ; Leisure EntrepreneurshipWednesday [ 17th of June ]TimeRoomActivityCoachCohort9.30 – 12.30 Business Pod 1 ( J103 ) Work on undertaking in groups/ library Sessionss Business School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort AInternational Business Business Pod 3 ( J303 ) Work on undertaking in groups/ library Sessionss Business School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort BBusiness & A ; Management ( general ) Selling 13.30 – 16.30 Business Pod 1 ( J103 ) Work on undertaking in groups/ library Sessionss Business School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort CFinance Business Pod 3 ( J303 ) Work on undertaking in groups/ library Sessionss Business School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort DLogisticss E-Business Information Systems Sports & A ; Leisure EntrepreneurshipThursday [ 18th of June ]9.30 – 12.30 Business Pod 1 ( J103 ) Work on undertaking in groups/ library Sessionss Business School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort AInternational Business Business Pod 3 ( J303 ) Work on undertaking in groups/ library Sessionss Business School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort BBusiness & A ; Management ( general ) Selling 13.30 – 16.30 Business Pod 1 ( J103 ) Work on undertaking in groups/ library Sessionss Business School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort CFinance Business Pod 3 ( J303 ) Work on undertaking in groups/ library Sessionss Business School staff/ Business LibrariansCohort DLogisticss E-Business Information Systems Sports & A ; Leisure EntrepreneurshipFriday [ 19th of June ]9.30 – 11.00 A004, Park Square Writing a study Steve Briggs, Learning Support Tutor ALL cohorts 11.00 – 11.30 Interruption 11.30 – 12.30 A004 Plagiarism and TurnitinUK ( Submiting your assignment electronically ) Prof. Brian Mathews ALL cohorts 12.30 – 13.00 A004 Concluding inquiries Vincent Ong and Peter Patrick ALL cohortsNote: After June 19th, you will non run into with your coachs. You should work with your squad in informations aggregation and entirely in composing up.4. Passing in the AssignmentDate for Submission – Monday 14th September 2009Concluding entry of both constituents ( Main Report & A ; Reflective Report ) of the AMP and completion of programme. The assignment must be submitted: To the Modular Office at the Student Centre by 4pm with TWO difficult copies* of your work and an electronic disc ( attached to one of the difficult transcripts ) . To TurnitinUK electronically via the BREO system ** ( Please submit harmonizing to your MSc Programme, see Appendix 5 on how to subject to TurnitinUK )Note:* Please adhere the Main Report and Reflective Report together with a clear rubric page for each subdivision. ** You have ONLY ONE opportunity to subject your concluding Main Report and Reflective Report in TurnitinUK. Please submit individually. Include everything except appendices.5. Report FormatThe AMP simulates the type of undertaking that you will be asked to make when you are employed. The Main Report has a recognised format, which you should utilize. Title Page – Faculty Code, Topic, Your Name, Your Student Number Acknowledgement – Merely set these in if you have received aid from an outside organic structure. There is no demand to thank your coachs. Table of Contents – Use a consistent attack to totaling the subdivisions of your study. Executive Summary – One side of A4 summarizing the cardinal points of your study Purposes and Objectives – This should sketch the manner in which you are undertaking the inquiry set. Literature reappraisal, Analysis and Discussion – This is the chief organic structure of the study in which you demonstrate your ability to happen, measure, analyse and synthesise information to bring forth an original piece of work Decisions – This is the subdivision where you summarise the old subdivision in such a manner as to clearly supply a response to the inquiry posed in the subject you were given. Recommendations – If appropriate recommendations for action should be provided in this subdivision. Mentions – All beginnings from which you have quoted MUST be listed here in alphabetical order harmonizing to the Harvard referencing system. Bibliography ( optional ) – Beginnings which you have read but to which you have non made specific reference in your work should be listed here in alphabetical order harmonizing to the Harvard referencing system. Appendix/appendices – are non a necessary portion of the study. It/they contains back uping stuff you wish to show but which is non indispensable to the apprehension of the chief study. Your study should be printed in Arial 12pt, 1.5 line spacing and edge. Note: The above format does non use to Reflective Report ( refer Page 8 for the recommended headers for Reflective Report ) .6. ReferencingMentions should be made to beginnings of stuff throughout the study. There are assorted conventions that can be used for citing and finally it does non count which is used, every bit long as it is used systematically. Possibly the easiest and neatest convention is the following one, since it does non take up undue infinite in the text and thereby does non deflect from the flow of statements. Efficaciously, this convention gives adequate information in the text to let full designation of the beginning from the mention. An writer can be referred to in a figure of ways. In the instance where the writer is referred as stating something in an unquoted manner: Maslow ( 1970 ) argues that†¦ . On the other manus, when citing verbatim ( direct citation ) and necessitating to impute the beginning: â€Å" †¦ is no longer a beginning of motive. † ( Maslow, 1970, p 43 ) Since the quotation mark is direct, it requires a precise page mention. The mentions list at the dorsum should detail all books, articles, etc, that have been referred to in the text, foremost by writer ( alphabetically ) and following by day of the month of publication. If the beginning is a book, these inside informations will be followed by the full rubric ( underscored ) , the topographic point of publication, and the publishing house, e.g. Maslow A H ( 1970 ) Motivation and Personality New York, Harper and Row Another illustration might be: Lloyd P Jones A and Brown S ( 1984 ) Introduction to Psychology: An Integrated Approach London Fontana In this case there are a figure of writers, and in the text with three or more writers you should utilize the manner Lloyd et Al. ( 1984 ) . The â€Å" et Al † is a shortening of et alia, a Latin term significance and others. Mentioning to journal documents in the text is the same process, but they are elaborate instead otherwise. In this instance it is the beginning diary or book that is underscored, the rubric of the paper looking in upside-down commas, e.g. Maslow A H ( 1943 ) â€Å" A Theory of Human Motivation † Psychological Review Vol. 50 No. 2 pp 370-396 If an writer quoted has published two or more points in one twelvemonth, these should be distinguished between as follows: Agee ( 1986a ) and Agee ( 1986b ) Sometimes writers are non identified, but the book is published under the protections of an establishment, e.g. Institute of Personnel Management or The Royal Commission for†¦ †¦ †¦ . These should be listed under the names of the establishments. Proper referencing is a important facet of the thesis and, in some instances, it can do the difference between a base on balls and a fail. You are hence strongly advised to take peculiar attention over this..7. Brooding Analysis Reportâ€Å" The brooding analysis study is designed to consolidate the pupil larning from the thesis experience. It is designed to let pupils to analyze single and group experiences through critical contemplation. Students are advised to take some awareness of current theory and application of brooding pattern. The followers should be taken into history in roll uping this study. First, the analysis is non about demonstrating: How perfect you are How you ‘ve done everything absolutely good That others have let you down Second, the analysis is about what you have learnt from the experience, both personally and as a group. Contemplation under the undermentioned headers might be considered.IntroductionRemembrance of experiencesHow the development procedure worked. Diarised remembrance of cardinal phases and ‘events ‘ in the development of both the literature reappraisal and the integrated selling program. Any peculiar internal crises or elements of enlightenment should be identified. In roll uping this component, pupils are advised to maintain regular and elaborate journals or logs.Personal feelings and larning from the experiencePersonal feelings sing the procedure and one ‘s ain part to the experience. Designation of any specific personal jobs either with content, procedure or other group members. Identification of how issues were resolved and over what clip period. How, if at all, was my public presentation compromised by the actions of others? How might my actions have compromised the public presentation of others? Any other remarks sing personal feelings and acquisition.Group kineticss and larning from the experienceHow did the group respond to the procedure? Identification of any jobs with the group as a whole. How did the group dynamic evolve? How did the group respond to you and your input? What new group penetrations evolved? How would the other members of the group have regarded you? What more might the group, or persons within the group have done in work outing the job ( s ) ? What value was gained from the supervisor audiences?Lessons for future undertakingsIdentify up to 5 cardinal lessons to better your public presentation in future group activities and undertakings.DecisionGeneral decisions from the procedure. You might besides see the followers: Do n't trust on your memory: compile habitue detailed advancement logs Be prepared to discourse issues and feelings with other members of the group Prepare for some uncomfortableness and ‘hostile information ‘ Through foresight and hindsight you can derive insight. † ( Hunt, N ( 2005 ) Dissertation Handbook ) More elaborate information is given in Appendix 28. Plagiarism and LumpingWork presented by a pupil in an appraisal is expected to be the pupil ‘s ain, and while citations from published beginnings are normally acceptable, such instances must be clearly identified and the beginning to the full acknowledged.As a guideline, verbatim ( direct ) citations should non transcend 5 % of your 12000 words in the chief study and 3000 words in the brooding study.Plagiarism is Copying balls of unascribed text from elsewhere, including downloading stuff from the cyberspace Incomplete or inaccurate referencing Copying other pupil ‘s work Leting others to hold entree to your work which they may copy Plagiarism is a serious offense that will be punished. The University has set of ordinances to regulate how plagiarism is treated and you should do yourself familiar with these ( They are available on the web site ) . As a lower limit punishment, pupil who commits plagiarism will usually have a fail class, and this means that the undertaking must be taken once more and the pupil has to pay to make so. The offense is besides recorded and may be mentioned is mentions are requested. The ground we penalise plagiarism because it is frequently a signifier of larceny and the purpose in all instances is to lead on. It constitutes unethical behavior. Unitization is the usage of significant sums of other people ‘s work which is right referenced. Students whose work consists of a series of citations from other people ‘s work, which is right referenced, are non guilty of misrepresentation. Nevertheless they are likely to neglect the faculty because they have non demonstrated that they are capable of the Master ‘s degree accomplishments of analysis, rating and synthesis of thoughts. Recognizing the relevancy of other people ‘s thoughts is merely a first twelvemonth undergraduate accomplishment. As you will detect in the session on plagiarism we have entree to package which compares work submitted by pupils with a database which is added to by every piece of work that is checked. As more universities join the strategy the database becomes more comprehensive.. We now have a policy to look into every undertaking so you are asked to manus in a disc with your work. 9. Marker of The Assignment You will have a individual class for the Applied Management Project. The balance of the class between the undertaking and the brooding study will be reflected in the word count allowed for each subdivision. The Main Report carries 80 % of the grade and the Reflective Report 20 % . The tabular array in Appendix 1 shows the standards used to tag your work Your work will be dual marked, which is why we ask you to manus in two transcripts of your study. It will besides be checked for lumping and plagiarism, which is why we ask for a transcript on disc. If you do non supply what we ask, there will be a hold in taging your work which may take to a hold in obtaining your award. You should manus in TWO difficult transcripts of your work and an electronic disc. And you should besides subject your both chief study and brooding study electronically via BREO ‘s TurnitinUK ( under the Assignments nexus ) .10. Coach Support ( merely available during the AMP hebdomad )You will NOT hold a personal coach in the manner of the old fashioned undertaking. A squad of coachs with a scope of capable specialism will back up your work during the AMP ‘s group-work Sessionss. After June 19th, 2009, you will have no more tutorial aid. You will so be entirely with your group to finish the work. The coachs will work as a squad during the group-work Se ssionss and will rede and steer you as you request ( i.e. counsel on literature reappraisal, secondary research, research analysis etc. ) . During the AMP hebdomad, Academic Liaison Librarian will besides be about to supply support in academic sourcing and referencing. 11. Administration Support over the Summer If you have any general question, delight direct your electronic mail to amp @ beds.ac.uk alternatively of the direct electronic mail of faculty leaders. This electronic mail will make all faculty leaders and one of the faculty leaders will answer you.Appendix 1 – Applied Management Project Marking SchemePurposes and AimsThe AMP is designed to give pupils the chance to show their cognition and apprehension of concern every bit good as the accomplishments indispensable to effectual operation in a concern environment. In peculiar the purposes of this faculty are to enable the pupils to take the cognition, understanding and accomplishments they have been developing in single faculties See below ) and utilize them in a complex, multifunctional state of affairs. explicate a job place information demands retrieve information synthesise information bring forth originative solutions bring forth a well argued and supported study in response to the job identified work efficaciously in a group work efficaciously in a clip constrained state of affairs reflect on the acquisition achieved through the procedure It is the vehicle through which Masterss pupils can demo that they are able to work at Masters degree every bit defined in the University ‘s degree M form: Students ‘should be working within complex, unpredictable and usually specialised Fieldss demanding advanced work which involves researching the current bounds of cognition. ‘ The work to be assessed is in two parts – the first a 12,000 word study and the 2nd a contemplation on the procedure of making the assignment. Two taging strategies are presented one for each assignment.You should supply a separate grade for each constituent.Assessment standards.There are two sets of sets of results which are identified in the M degree forms. The first are cognitive results and the 2nd are generic accomplishments Broadly talking the cognitive results can be evaluated through the study, whereas the brooding essay should give an penetration into the generic accomplishments. It is nevertheless, the instance that the generic accomplishments can besides be measured by the pupil ‘s success or deficiency of it in bring forthing an equal piece of work. Cognitive results Knowledge and Understanding Should be able to autonomously analyze new and/or abstract informations and state of affairss utilizing a broad scope of techniques appropriate to the subject ( s ) and to his/her ain research or advanced scholarship Should be able to show a deepness of cognition and a systematic apprehension of his/her subject ( s ) , across specializer and applied countries, and be critically cognizant of and cover with complexness, spreads and contradictions in the current cognition base with assurance Although the undertaking is based on secondary informations, there are legion beginnings – academic diaries, newspapers, trade imperativeness, authorities studies, and books – which the pupil can utilize every bit good as www.google.com! The information may and likely will be contradictory. Students may cover with this by disregarding conflicting findings or by prosecuting in a argument to analyze the grounds for the disparity A -The pupil provides a comprehensive reply that shows a clear apprehension of the comprehensiveness of the issues involved. The reply demonstrates the pupil ‘s ability to supply a balanced response taking history of disparity and differences in the secondary informations. The answer clearly supports a position that the pupil has mastery over the capable affair. B -The pupil demonstrates a good apprehension of the issues involved and the relation of these issues to their concern specialism. They are able to pull strings thoughts good to bring forth a sound reply to the inquiry C- The reply demonstrates an ability to utilize thoughts which are easy accessible. No grounds of a pupil ‘s effort to travel beyond the obvious. Discussion accurate but shoal. Correct citing for the most portion D- Heavy trust on really limited set of ideas. Small grounds of any effort to roll up a broader scope of information. Discussion narrow and perchance non good argued or supported. . E – Discussion lacks comprehensiveness. The pupil fails to show a existent apprehension of all the issues involved F -Very little or no grounds of the pupil ‘s ability to appreciate a scope of different thoughts – Alternatively heavy trust on big balls of other ‘s work. Referencing may non be full and accurate but is present and the purpose is NOT to base on balls work away as the pupil ‘s ain Synthesis/creativity Should be able to autonomously synthesize information and thoughts and suggest new hypotheses, create original responses to jobs that expand or redefine bing cognition or develop new attacks to altering state of affairss A – a good constructed piece of work which clearly demonstrates the pupil ‘s ability to synthesize complex statements and to utilize the informations to come up with fresh solutions. It has a logical flow and The work will be good argued and the decisions will follow of course from the grounds presented. No uncertainty will be left in the reader ‘s head as to their cogency. B – a good constructed piece of work. Literature critically evaluated non simply a precis. Good usage of secondary informations beginnings to back up the statements. Literature supports the treatment which has been developed from the information collected. The work will be soundly argued and the decisions will be mostly converting C – A scope of appropriate points made but more as a list so as a incorporate piece of work. ‘Reader presented with bricks instead than constructing ‘ . The work will be moderately argued but the decisions will non be wholly convincing Secondary beginnings will normally provided to back up the points made D – A limited figure of points made with small effort to interrelate them to organize a consistent treatment. Poorly argued with instead flimsy decisions. The reader may good doubt that the decisions are valid.Poor usage of any external informations to back up the points. E – Some grounds of an effort to supply an reply to the inquiry but deficient item to go through. No existent effort to travel on from a few pieces of information. Poorly argued and with decisions that merely do non follow from the grounds presented ‘Chunking ‘ calls into inquiry the pupil ‘s in depth apprehension of the issues presented.. F – A random aggregation of statements based on the pupils ain point of position with no effort to utilize grounds to back up the statements. Alternatively, serious ‘chunking ‘ . Evaluation Should be able to independently measure current research, advanced scholarship and associated methodological analysiss and suitably warrant the work of egos and others A little group of pupils complained that they needed more clip because of the mass of information available so under this heading the ability to recognize worthwhile and less valuable information should be included. A – The reply demonstrates the ability to cover with informations from a broad assortment of beginnings with a clear apprehension of its comparative value. There is clear grounds of the pupil ‘s ability to critically measure thoughts and beginnings. Referencing is full and accurate B- A good scope of literature used from a wide scope of beginnings. The reply demonstrates grasp of its rightness. Full and accurate referencing C- Some grounds of critical rating of secondary informations. Correct citing for the most portion D- Indiscriminate usage of ( likely ) really limited information. Poor citing E – Some effort to utilize secondary informations. No effort at measuring its dependability. Poor citing F -Very little or no usage of published work. Ill referenced if at allGeneric accomplishments resultsAlthough the generic accomplishments will to some extent be obvious in the end product of the concern study they should besides emerge from the brooding essay. Needs analysis Should be able to research the demands of a undertaking and formulate feasible proposals for run intoing these demands A – an first-class reply will show a comprehensive consideration of the issues and configure the response to enable different statements to be presented in a logical order. B – a good reply will construction the job in a logical manner showing a comprehensiveness of apprehension of the issues C- an mean reply will demo consideration of some of the issues in a moderately consistent manner D – a hapless response will take a really narrow position and see a limited scope of issues E- a referral reply will non see the issues posed in the inquiry in a coherent or elaborate manner, F – a neglecting reply will non show an apprehension of the issues posed in the inquiry Performance planning and direction Should be able to be after the undertaking, and run into their ain skill-development demands, and derive the necessary committedness from others Should be able to pull off the undertaking, accommodating their scheme as necessary to accomplish the quality of results required Presentation and Evaluation Should be able to show the results of the undertaking in a mode appropriate to the intended audience ( s ) and measure their overall public presentationThe Reflective ReportBased on the predating theoretical account, the undermentioned guidelines should be used for measuring the pupil ‘s contemplations: Is the work complete? Is the work thorough Is the work genuinely brooding or simply a diarised history of the procedure? Does the work place both personal and group kineticss and development? Is there any grounds of associating the contemplation to theory? Is there grounds of existent acquisition from the thesis experience? Is there any grounds of feedback that might assist coachs better the experience for future pupils? Coachs are advised to take a holistic position of the pupils ‘ contemplations as the work is likely to be presented in a assortment of rather different signifiers. ( Hunt.N, 2005 ) The undermentioned contemplation under the undermentioned headers might be considered by pupils.IntroductionRemembrance of experiencesHow the development procedure worked. Diarised remembrance of cardinal phases and ‘events ‘ in the development of both the literature reappraisal and the integrated selling program. Any peculiar internal crises or elements of enlightenment should be identified.Personal feelings and larning from the experiencePersonal feelings sing the procedure and one ‘s ain part to the experience. Designation of any specific personal jobs either with content, procedure or other group members. Identification of how issues were resolved and over what clip period. How, if at all, was my public presentation compromised by the actions of others? How might my actions have compromised the public presentation of others? Any other remarks sing personal feelings and acquisition.Group kineticss and larning from the experienceHow did the group respond to the pr ocedure? Identification of any jobs with the group as a whole. How did the group dynamic evolve? How did the group respond to you and your input? What new group penetrations evolved? How would the other members of the group have regarded you? What more might the group, or persons within the group have done in work outing the job ( s ) ? What value was gained from the supervisor audiences?Lessons for future undertakingsIdentify up to 5 cardinal lessons to better your public presentation in future group activities and undertakings.DecisionAppendix 2 – Introduction to Reflection Used with the permission of the writer Dr Chris Johns, Faculty of Health and Social Science, University of Luton Edited by Ann Mathews, Luton Business School Aim of the brochure To increase apprehension and use of the brooding procedure Aims By the terminal of this brochure you should be able to: Define brooding pattern. Describe the process/stages of turning contemplation into larning and Identify the accomplishments required to prosecute in brooding pattern. Recognise schemes, which may advance contemplation as a learning tool. Contemplation Can be defined as: a technique for turning experience into acquisition or a manner for persons to go autonomous and job resolution.Other definitions:Kolb ( 1975 ) said contemplation is cardinal to the procedure of turning experience into acquisition. Boyd and Fales ( 1983 ) suggest that: ‘The procedure of contemplation is the nucleus difference, whether a individual repeats the same experience several times between going proficient in one behavior, or learns from experience in such a manner that he or she is cognitively or affectively changed. ‘ Rogers ( 1986 ) said it was utilizing one ‘s ain experience to supply acquisition, he said that self-initiated acquisition concerns the whole individual, both feelings and mind, and in this manner the acquisition becomes permanent and permeant. Reid ( 1993 ) said ‘a procedure of reexamining an experience of pattern in order to depict, analyse and evaluate and so inform acquisition from pattern ‘ ( p 305 ) What is Reflection? The complex and calculated procedure of believing about and construing experience in order to larn from it – a witting procedure. Brooding acquisition is the procedure of internally analyzing and researching an issue of concern, triggered by an experience, which creates and clarifies intending in footings of ego, and which consequences in a changed conceptual position ( Boyd and Fales 1983 ) . Contemplation Introduced So frequently in our every twenty-four hours lives we acquire caught up with the force per unit areas and demands, we react to state of affairss automatically and happen small clip to reflect on what we are making and why. In day-to-day life or on a demanding class pupils and staff may happen similar jobs. The force per unit area to finish assignments, larning new accomplishments, run intoing the demands of households and friends may look to go forth small clip to chew over one ‘s personal and professional development as one progresses through life or a class. One manner of taking clip to believe throughout experiences and to larn from them is to maintain a diary, or notes, on specific occurrences. Tthis allows contemplation during the authorship or at a ulterior clip. Many people have been introduced into the brooding procedure by this mechanism. Holly and McLoughlin ( 1989.page 281 ) suggest that maintaining a personal/ professional diary is: ‘both a manner to enter the journey of instruction and growth, and to see the procedures purposefully and sensitively. It is a method for researching our inner universes and histories ; of examining the educational and cultural surroundings within which we teach ; and of asking into the significance of learning. Professional development provides the context within which appraisal and assessment reside and do sense ‘ . Brooding notes tend to be written at times of critical incidents. Holly and McLoughlin ( 1989 ) indicate several benefits of maintaining a diary, or notes, on a critical incident. Provides a lasting record, which we can return to from a assortment of positions. Writing to reflect provides a cyclical procedure ; reflecting as you write and returning at a ulterior day of the month to reflect on what has been written which may supply new thoughts for farther contemplation. Writing necessitates ‘time out ‘ for contemplation. They argue that clip to reflect is non a luxury but a professional necessity. Forms and the subjects of life become evident over clip. We act on our situational perceptual experiences yet our perceptual experiences are dependent on what we see and experience. We tend to work on automatic pilot and therefore we may non be cognizant of the forms and subjects in our lives. Writing over clip makes seeing these subjects and forms possible. Learning from pattern can increase consciousness, self-knowledge and assurance. We need non maintain reiterating our errors and lickings. As we write about our professional pattern and note forms and subjects in the ways that we influence and are influenced by our fortunes we can larn more about ourselves. We can get down to understand why we do what we do and do unconscious behaviors witting so that we may alter it as appropriate. We can go more cognizant of our environment and the contexts in which we teach and can get down to expect and specify events instead than merely responding to them. Writing brings to conscious degree much that was tacit. As we write and play with thoughts and images other thoughts emerge, begin to blend together and we come to consciously cognize what we already knew tacitly. Writing provides a comprehensive and on-going database for professional development. Using words to depict our experiences in pattern additions our scope of linguistic communication available to depict our pattern to others. Through our authorship we may go more comfy and clear about our thoughts and can come in into treatment with others and so enrich our pattern. Used in this manner the diary mimics the research worker ‘s diary as it accumulates a database for the survey of pattern. However single events can be written in a similar manner. Learning from Reflection Contemplation is cardinal to the procedure of turning experience into larning. Boyd and Fales ( 1983 ) suggest that: ‘The procedure of contemplation is the nucleus difference whether a individual repeats the same experience several times between going proficient in one behavior, or learns from experience in such a manner that he or she is cognitively or efficaciously changed ‘ . Since this type of authorship is an basically procedure of larning from experience the ability to reflect on your experiences will be cardinal to larning. The Procedure of Contemplation Recall an experience to mind as shortly after the event as possible and compose a brief description of what happened. The purpose with callback is to acquire in touch with what you experienced, it is of import non to measure or judge the experience, ( Cell,1984 ) . Following, take some clip to compose your ideas and feelings about the experience. This can be rather light hearted and relaxed. Let your ideas to flux spontaneously as you write. When you have explored the experience you can get down to concentrate your ideas more specifically. The following are suggestions, which might turn out utile. What did you make good? How would you back up this belief? In retrospect is at that place anything that you would now wish to alter and if so why? What were you believing about during the experience? How did you act? How did other people behave? What did you anticipate to go on in the state of affairs? Make it turn out as you expected? What emotional or feeling responses did you hold and what caused you to experience this manner, did these impact your behavior? Were you aware of any interpersonal kineticss and how did these influence you? For illustration were you experiencing cross, hurried or happy? Did you do what you said you would make? If non what happened to alter your head? This can supply valuable cognition of state of affairss or be utile in future state of affairss. Did you learn anything new as a consequence of this experience which you could utilize in a similar state of affairs in the hereafter? Are there countries you feel you need to better or develop. If so what EXACTLY are they and how can you travel about this? Did this cognition aid you in developing new schemes in the hereafter? Did this experience aid you to derive greater conceptual apprehension? Did any of the theoretical positions help to broaden your consciousness or help your apprehension of what was go oning in this state of affairs? Is there an country of theory you need to brush up on or look up?Once you have finished authorship, read through what you have writtenThis can be undertaken at a ulterior day of the month if necessary. Are at that place any facets that you have taken for granted, premises made opinions or inexplicit values being expressed that you were non cognizant of at the clip? You can utilize this reading to analyze these in order possibly to clear up, polish or modify any countries. Over clip you may get down to see familiar forms emerging as you read through what you have written. It is of import to see the brooding procedure as a critical duologue with your experience and with your observations on the experience. This gives you the chance to reflect on the utility of the premises you habitually make. You can see alternate ways of sing state of affairss. It is frequently valuable to discourse these thoughts with equals or those involved in the same experience. When you are composing in your diary or reflecting on an experience avoid utilizing over generalizations such as â€Å" everyone knows † , â€Å" cipher does that † or â€Å" it is ever done that manner † . When you are tempted to utilize these footings try replacing â€Å" I † , for illustration â€Å" I do n't make that † . These entries will enable you to see the opinions that you make about others and forms in the manner that you construe your experiences. These are more likely to be noted when you re-read entries after a period of clip has elapsed. By reflecting on several entries you can get down to place the concepts and standards implicit in your thought forms. Be cognizant of the ideas and feelings, which may be evoked when reading through the diary! Through this procedure you begin to clear up, modify and develop the values, beliefs, standards and concepts which you use to construe your experiences. Clearly non all of these inquiries would be relevant in every state of affairs but is utile to acquire into the wont of inquiring these sorts of inquiries of your personal experience. It can be defined as a staged procedure First Phase Awareness of a hard issue. Clear apprehension that an issue needs to be addressed, as the cognition the person was using in the state of affairs clearly was non effectual. Recognition of an accomplishment. Second Phase A critical analysis of the state of affairs, affecting an analysis of feelings and cognition. Examination of how the person affected the state of affairs, and frailty versa. Third Stage Development of a new position. Outcome of contemplation is hence learning: Clarification of an issue. Development of a new attitude or manner of thought Resolution of a job. Change in behavior. What qualities are needed to go a Brooding Practitioner/Learner? Skills Needed Open mindedness Motivation Committedness to alter Recognition of personal prejudices Receptive to new thoughts Keen to develop personal penetration Time and energy Barriers to the development of brooding pattern Lack of clip Low morale Lack of the theoretical base Unwillingness to develop self consciousness and penetration Lack of accomplishment development A wish to transport on as everNB. If you ever do what you have done earlier, you will ever hold merely what you have already got! !To summarize the standards for Contemplation on Practice it is portion of ego assessment and ego consciousness it is an geographic expedition of feelings as a consequence of experiences it is depicting one ‘s actions and depicting the results of actions its placing what was worthwhile, what one would make otherwise and why it is the analysis of this to explicate why things work good or non – it identifies what acquisition has occurred, and evaluates knowledge degree it identifies what farther acquisition is required, = self growing and personal and professional development The Potential of Reflective Practice allows critical analysis and synthesis Examines the constituents of a state of affairs Identifies and size up bing cognition, and how relevant this is to the state of affairs. Explores the feelings you have or had about the state of affairs. Challenges any premises you may hold had. Allows geographic expedition of alternate cognition and actions Advantages to the Practitioner/Learner Helps you to do opinions Develops competency through critical contemplation on experience Generates new cognition Gives authorization Develops a wider cognition of societal and political alteration Examples of theoretical accounts of Contemplation Schon ( 1983 ) provinces: ‘In the varied topography of professional pattern, there is high difficult land overlooking a swamp. On the high land, manageable jobs lend themselves to solutions through application of research-based theory and technique. In the swampy lowland, mussy confounding jobs defy proficient solution. The sarcasm of the state of affairs is that the jobs of the high land tend to be comparatively unimportant to persons or society at big while in the swamp lie the jobs of greatest human concern. To me, an educated individual, foremost and first, understands that one ‘s ways of cognizing thought and making flow from whom one is. Such a individual knows that an reliable individual is no mere person, an island unto oneself, but is a being in relation to others, and hence is, at nucleus, an ethical being. Furthermore, a genuinely educated individual speaks and Acts of the Apostless from a deep sense of humbleness, witting of the bounds set by human finiteness and morality, admiting the grace by which pedagogue and educated are allowed to brood in the present that embraces past experiences but is unfastened to possibilities yet to be ‘ . A Simple Model of Reflection 1 The Significant Experience The salient events – 1 ‘s behavior thoughts / cognition feelings good / bad 2 The Reflective Procedure 1. Describe the events. Avoid doing opinions 2. Attend to experience – good 1s or negative 1s. Casual fortunes or act uponing factors 3. Re-evaluate the experience How it felt, self, others, clients Connect bing cognition and attitudes with thoughts and feelings from experience 4. See alteration of cognition, attitudes, behavior for future usage Explore and dispute any premises you made 3 Result Evaluation of the brooding procedure 4 Critical analysis A new manner of making something, or an alternate manner of covering with the state of affairs elucidation of an issue development of a skill declaration of a job, greater assurance in one ‘s abilities changed set of precedences 5 Consequences Action Plan/ ends Consequences into pattern Learning demands Changing pattern ( Koch 1989 ) Future Experiences Links theory to pattern Stop and take stock so advancement ( Kemmis 1895 ) Enhanced degree of assurance To Summarize Behaviour 1. Describing the events New Perspective Ideas 2. Addressing 1s feelings Changes in behavior Feelingss 3. Re-evaluating the experience Commitment to action The experience 4. The brooding procedure Results Decision Learning through contemplation topographic points control with the person Helps the person with the challenges of pattern. â€Å" Experience is ne'er limited, and is ne'er complete. It is an huge esthesia, a sort of immense spider ‘s web of the finest satiny togss suspended in the chamber of consciousness, and catching every air borne atom in its tissue. † Henry James 1843